查询词典 preconditions

They deemed that there are some exceptions to the law. The foundation of the law has strict preconditions but all the oppugners neglected it.

边际效用递减规律有严格的前提条件，而众多质疑的例子基本都忽略了其前提条件。

Designing of cross section profile of cutter is one of the necessary preconditions of realizing the CAD technique of special revolving tools.

端截形线设计是实现特种回转面刀具CAD技术的必要前提之一，本文以典型的特种回转面铣刀为例，给出了一种端截形线的设计方法。

Based on the analytical results, this paper put forward its investigative preconditions: organizational members participate in cooperation with the condition of optimizing their personal objectives; optimization of organizational objectives must be based on its members'objective optimization; members'cooperative dedications under the condition of their own objective optimization are resource restrictions of their organizational objective optimization.

根据分析结论提出了本文的研究前提：成员以个人目标优化为条件参与组织合作，组织目标优化受到成员目标优化的制约，即组织成员在个人目标优化条件下的合作投入是组织目标优化的资源约束。

The literal, free and zero translation, thinking that translation is more than the mere exchange of words, but also a process that always has its preconditions of cultural background, and all strategies and skills are conditioned by social and cultural factors. By comparison between the original and target contexts, especially the criticism of the misunderstandings and mistranslations in Giles'version, we can see that it is hard to convey the original content as well as style to translate word for word or to deviate from the original.

在对《孙子兵法》和Giles英译本的对比分析及其历时研究的基础之上，尤其是针对该译本中存在的误读误译问题及其原因，作者指出完全按照字面直译和彻底脱离原文的意译都难以传达原作的风格与内容；相对而言，直译甚至零翻译可以比意译更有效地体现和传递源文化，尽管可能不如意译那样通顺。

The multiple pretreatments result in the favorable outcome, and provided the better preconditions for simple charactersrecognition method that based on template match.

最终分割出的牌照字符有较好的效果，为模板匹配等简单快速的字符识别方法提供了良好的前提。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。