查询词典 pre-existing

In this paper, from the viewpoint of latent functional group, application and development of heterocyclic compounds such as furan nucleus and thiofuran nucleus used in organic synthesis as pre-functional group are introduced.

本文从潜官能团角度概括介绍了呋喃环和噻吩环作为前官能团在有机合成中的应用及进展，展望了杂环作为前官能团在天然产物合成中的重要意义。

Class Ⅲ furcation defects were created at the mandibular second pre-molars, first molars and second molars.

人工制备3只食蟹猴双侧下颌第二双尖牙、第一磨牙和第二磨牙的慢性Ⅲ度根分叉病损。

In 2002 the company developed and produced the "duplex-bit multi-layer circuit board pre-Permian point fusion machine BM-II" dedicated circuit board equipment, by the State Intellectual Property Office of the Chinese Patent Office granted patent approval.

2002年度公司开发生产的"双工位多层电路板预叠点熔合机BM-II"电路板专用设备，经国家知识产权局中国专利局核准授予专利证书。

"We will welcome Gael back to pre-season training on Thursday and then we will know more about his desires."

"我们将在周四欢迎贾尔回来参加季前准备训练，然后我们将更多的了解他的心愿。"

This paper mainly consists of three parts:(1) Based on the Reddy's higher-order shear deformation plate theory and general von Kármán-type equations, put forward the governing equations of pre- and post-buckled vibration of several hybrid FGM plate forms which have not been studied adequately, triumphantly applying the perturbation technique combined with Galerkin method into equations solving, and get the comparatively simple result forms with complicated deduction at last;(2) As a new type of materials, piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite actuators were applied to optimal vibration control, interrelated informatons be depicted in this paper;(3) During the investigative cource, some factors not been considered adequently in other researches were discussed fully in the postbuckled vibration analysis, such as the temperature-dependent material coefficients, heat conduction and nonlinear vibration characteristic etc.

本文的研究工作主要包括：(1)基于Reddy高阶剪切变形板理论和广义Kármán型方程，给出了几类现有研究成果较少或没有彻底解决的FGM混合板结构的屈曲前和屈曲后振动特性研究的控制方程，成功将摄动-Galerkin混合法应用于求解过程，并给出了各控制方程相对直观且易于计算的解析解形式；(2)单向压电纤维增强复合材料(Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composite，简称PFRC)是一种新型压电材料，本文将其应用到了结构振动控制研究当中，发现通过压电纤维体积含量的选择可以实现混合板结构的优化振动控制；(3)围绕几种有代表性的FGM混合板结构，讨论其屈曲后的振动特性，在分析中同时考虑热传导，材料物性参数的温度相关性，以及机/热/电荷载耦合效应对非线性振动特性的影响，最后给出了大量数值计算结果。

Hiroshi Kimura, chief executive of the world's third-biggest cigarette maker, said JT could generate pre-tax profits of $1bn or more in top overseas markets such as the UK and Russia, a significant increase even after the addition of Gallaher's brands.

日本烟草首席执行官Hiroshi Kimura表示，该公司可能在英国和俄罗斯等最主要的海外市场实现10亿美元乃至更高的税前利润。即便在纳入加拉赫旗下品牌之后，这也是一种大幅度增长。

Boys will often play the games, struggling to master a challenging level, well past the point of physical and emotional exhaustion. Children are not so much "addicted" to video games as they are unwilling to quit before they have met their goals, and the games seem to always set new goalposts, inviting us to best "just one more level." One of the limitations of the contemporary video game is that it provides only pre-structured forms of interactivity, and in that sense, video games are more like playgrounds and city parks rather than wild-spaces.

内容大概是不断的尝试跟失败与遵守规则，是让给玩家的一种磨练，在游戏里面不断的练习来达到能力提升完成目标，现在多数的电脑游戏都是属於冷酷无情与目标导向的游戏，男孩子会时常玩这类的游戏，勇於尝试具有挑战性一关接一关，一直到无法无天体力与情绪耗尽为止，小孩子并不是对於游戏沉迷上瘾，而是未达到目标之前不愿意离开游戏，游戏里面总是有很多新的挑战，让我们一直不断的接受下一关的诱惑或是有更好的自我表现。

The plasma FSH levels were the highest during pre-breeding period and relatively low during breeding period. These implied that LH might play a major role for ovulation and semination, and FSH might be mainly related with gametogenesis.

这说明，虎纹蛙的排卵排精活动可能主要与LH有关，而FSH主要与两性配子的生长和发育有关。

He undertakes a wide portfolio of responsibilities within Gammon covering pre-construction, design, supply chain, environment, safety and quality control issues for the company's Hong Kong, China and Southeast Asian regional business activities.

他身兼数职，同时负责金门建筑公司在香港、中国大陆和东南亚地区商务活动，包括半成品建筑遮盖物的设计、供应链、环境和安全及质量控制问题。

Aquarium: Polypterus are pre-historic fishes and have ganoid scales.

水族馆：Polypterus是史前鱼类硬鳞鱼。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。