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The central government came to a new high level of recognizing the science and technology after 1978, thus, a new policy of clerisy was established and a good political atmosphere, which benefits on popular science development, was formed. Besides, while the government's essential mission was transferred to economical construction, the popular science was accelerated by factors as economical development, social desire and economical treatment. Then, the prosperity of education set a good foundation for the development of popular science. Fourthly, the increase in the number of boffins and a fast advance on science and technology contributed to popular science's development intellectively. All these elements above caused the 2nd fastigium. However, during the last 1980s and early 1990s, confusion occurred to man's sense of worth in the period of economy transformation, which made popular science come to a downturn. As a result, the 2nd fastigium declined.

第四章对第二次科普高峰进行了分析。1978年以后，党中央对科学技术的认识达到了前所未有的程度，确立了新的知识分子政策，形成有利于科普发展的良好政治氛围；国家工作重心转移到经济建设上来，经济发展、社会需求和经济待遇等因素促进了科普的发展；文化教育事业的兴旺发达为科普的发展奠定了良好的基础；科技工作者队伍的壮大，科学技术的迅速发展，提供了科普发展的智力支持，这些综合因素促成了第二次科普高峰的到来。80年代末期到90年代初，由于在经济转型期出现了暂时的价值观混乱，科普工作陷入低迷，科普高峰消退。

Based on "Chronological Table of Popular Rebellion of The Late Qing Dynasty", Chapter one carries on statistic of classification to the popular rebellion of the late Qing Dynasty, which includes the year distribution, province distribution, the fuse of popular rebellion, struggle forms and statistics alone in Jiangsu Province, for making objective and strong description to the overall view of the popular rebellion of the last ten years of Qing Dynasty.

界定了民变概念后，第一章以《清末民变年表》为基础，对清末民变进行了分类统计，主要包括清末民变的年份和省区分布、民变的导火线、斗争形式以及对江苏省的单独统计，力图对清末民变的总体图景做出客观有力的描述。

After fully and profoundly surveying the popular literature in recent 20 years, the author demonstrates the characteristics of popular literature, some factors influencing it and the impetus of its change to the existing views on literature; the author also observes that the shift in the model of popular literature criticism and popular literature in itself have some affinity and irreconcilement with the literary field in and the society in transition.

详细在社会转型的背景下，中国文学发生了并继续发生着变迁。作为表征，大众文学在新时期以来蓬勃兴盛，成为文学领域中令人注目的场域。本文对当代近20年的大众文学进行深入全面的考察，试图探讨大众文学的特征，分析影响大众文学的一些因素，大众文学变迁对既有的文学观念的冲击，大众文学批评的模式转换以及大众文学与文学场同整个转型时期的社会场的同构和冲突的关系。

In the introduction, focusing my attention on the three questions of the relationship between China\'s modern times popular novels and commercial environment, the bookman effect between writers and readers, and the characteristics of popular serial stories, I have examined and discussed the operational mechanisms of popular stories creation and dissemination.

我在绪论中瞩目于中国近现代通俗小说与商业环境之关系，作者与读者之间的书商作用，通俗连载小说的特征三个问题，探讨了通俗小说创作、传播的运行机制。

Villa, according to consumer-oriented survey shows that 40% of prospective consumers in the style popular in North America, 21% of the popular Chinese style, 19% of the popular French style.

别墅，按照面向消费者的调查显示， 40 ％的潜在消费者中流行的风格在北美， 21 ％的流行中式， 19 ％的流行的法国风格。

With the establishment and the continuous improvement of China\'s market economy, the popular culture has become the hero of the times strongly supported by current economic system. How to assess the influence of the popular culture on the development of literature is an unavoidable major problem for Chinese contemporary literature research. 2. define the influence of the popular culture on the creation of new century novels, and list several specific performances.

随着中国市场经济体制的建立和不断完善，大众文化已然成为现实经济体制强力支持的时代英雄，如何评价大众文化对文学发展的影响，是中国当代文学研究无法回避的重大问题；2、界定了大众文化对新世纪小说创作的影响，并梳理出几种具体表现。

There has always been, however, a critical tension between Sontag's aesthetic ideas and popular culture as she never allows herself to follow the trend in a blind way. For example, she defined the "camp" style as a marginalized cultural phenomenon between high culture and avant-garde culture, which aimed at maintaining the "dandified" and "defamiliarized" aesthetic taste in avant-garde and popular arts, in order to counter "automation" and long-standing binary opposites of elite and popular cultures.

桑塔格的美学思想并非是随波逐流，而是与流行文化始终保持着一种批判性的张力，如她把"矫饰"风格定义为高雅艺术与前卫艺术之间的"边缘"文化现象，其作用是在前卫艺术中保持"花花公子"的审美趣味，在大众文化中凸显反常化的姿态以抗拒"自动化"，从而消弭精英文化与大众文化的长期二元对立的格局。

Nowadays, many college students unwillingly and inactively study in English Class, however, almost all of them like popular English Culture. So facing the situation, college English teachers must pay attention to the importance of popular English Culture of students' spiritual life, try to importsome elements of popular English Culture into English class to stimulate students' interest and passion for study, and think how to properly and effectively use these elements in normal class-teaching--through the way to achieve the goal of "teaching is implied in entertainment".

李纾淇 摘要：针对当今大学生在英语课堂上学习被动，但普遍又喜爱英语流行文化的现状，大学英语教师应当注重英语流行文化在学生的精神生活中所占的重要地位，尝试将英语流行文化元素引入课堂教学以激起学生的兴趣和学习热情，并思考如何在正规的课堂教学中适当而有效的运用这些文化元素，达到寓教于乐的目的。

Since the current popular culture has become a very important part in Chinese cultural system, we can not deny its realisticness and logicalness, and we must value mess"s cultural choices and their cultural request, devote to develop advancing and herlthy popular culture, control and regular all kinds of possible faults and problems in the current popular culture"s evolution.

作为当代中国文化系统的重要组成部分，大众文化存在的现实性、合理性是无法否认的，我们必须尊重社会大众的文化选择和文化需求，致力于发展健康向上的中国大众文化，对其发展中存在的种种问题进行调节和控制。

Therefor, to analysis the logicalness of the current popular culture and give it a objective estimate has active and realistic sense 0So-called the current popular culture, is a certain of cultural conformation that runs by popular medias and market-economy system and it can pleasure common people .

大众文化作为中国市场经济条件下必然产生的文化现象，已深深契入了我国当代社会制度形态和人们的日常生活，因此，分析当代中国大众文化的合理性并给予客观的评价，有着积极的现实意义。

Objective To study the effect of chitosan in the prevention of fibrous scar formation in the epidural space after laminectomy.

目的 观察选择性脊神经后根切除术椎板切除后硬膜外几种防瘢痕粘连物质的作用并探讨其机制。

On his way to the lift, he looked back to us or was it me his eyes pointing?

当他要进电梯时，他回头看我们（或者说是我，他的眼光？