查询词典 pontryagin maximum principle

Carleman不等式及其在最优控制问题中的应用.Optimal control theory of distributed parameter systems mainly includes: Pontryagin's maximum principle; controllability; Hamilton-Jacobi equation (i.e., dynamic programming equation); time optimal control, etc.In this dissertation, we establish Pontryagin's maximum principle of optimal control problems governed by some nonlinear differential equations (parabolic differential equations, elliptic differential equations and 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations), which in particular could have local solut...

在这篇博士论文中，我们建立了非线性微分方程(包括抛物型微分方程，椭圆型微分方程以及3维Navier-Stokes方程)最优控制问题的庞特里雅金最大值原理，特别地，这些方程可能只有局部解或存在多解(我们称这样的系统为非适定系统，相应的最优控制问题为非适定最优控制问题)，以及适定的非线性发展方程最优控制问题的庞特里雅金最大值原理；我们研究了phase-field系统的时间最优控制问题以及Boussinesq系统的局部内可控性。

In this paper, the principle of caution to start the basic theory, expounded the principle of care and the role of meaning, emphasizing the principle of caution for owners, managers, creditors, as well as the importance of accounting personnel; introduced the principle of prudent accounting practice in China and the need for careful application of the principle of the basic requirements; detailed exposition of the principle of prudent asset impairment provision, recognition and measurement of intangible assets, fixed assets depreciation method choice, the recognition and measurement of income, inventory valuation methods choice, or there are matters of identification and disclosure of the application and embodiment of the main; focused on the principle of prudent asset impairment in the recognition, the recognition and measurement of intangible assets, fixed assets depreciation method choice, revenue recognition and measurement, inventory valuation methods, or there are matters of recognition and disclosure issues that exist in reality; and on the careful application of the principle of how to correctly Suggestions: correct handling of the principle of caution to the principles and other relations, reduce the tax policy and differences in accounting policies, appropriate use of the principle of prudence, strengthen auditing and supervision, and strengthen the internal mechanism to improve the accounting standards in the application of the principle of prudent operational, financial reporting to strengthen the disclosure of information, enhance professional accountants capable of making judgments.

本文从谨慎性原则的基本理论入手，阐述了谨慎性原则的含义及作用，强调谨慎性原则对于所有者、管理者、债权人以及会计人员的重要性；介绍了谨慎性原则在我国会计实务中应用的必要性及谨慎性原则的基本要求；详细论述了谨慎性原则在计提资产减值准备、无形资产的确认与计量、固定资产折旧方法的选择、收入的确认与计量、存货计价方法的选择、或有事项的确认与披露方面的主要应用和体现；着重研究了谨慎性原则在资产减值准备的确认、无形资产的确认与计量、固定资产折旧方法的选择、收入的确认与计量、存货计价方法选择、或有事项的确认与披露中存在的现实问题；并提出了关于谨慎性原则如何正确运用的几点建议：正确处理谨慎性原则与其他各项原则的关系、缩小税收政策与会计政策的差异、适度运用谨慎性原则、加强审计监督，强化内在约束机制、提高会计准则中谨慎性原则应用的可操作性、加强财务报告信息披露、提高企业会计人员的职业判断能力。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

Base Station type Software versionTypes of carrier frequency board adoptedTypes of combiner adoptedWhether had obtained the network license or notIndoor type or outdoor type Whether the master port is separated from the remote-port The maximum carrier frequency capacity of single cabinet The maximum supportable sector numbers of single cabinetWhether it is dual-carrier frequency board or notMust it be paired configuration if it's dual-carrier frequency board (namely, the type of single carrier frequency station could only configure the dual-carrier frequency on hardware) The maximum achievable configuration of a single station of the single cabinetReceiver sensitivity The maximum expand capacity of a single base station (the maximum number of TRX in configuration / the number of cabinets which is required)(fill in according with the three sectors) Top box transmitted power (given separately a grade one combine and a grade two combine) The maximum output power of amplifier (voice, a single logical carrier frequency) The maximum output power of amplifier (EGPRS, a single logical carrier frequency)Whether it has tower-interfaceWhether it has built-in lightning protectionWhether it support the ultra-long cover / whether it need for software support (give simple description that how hardware and software could achieve this) The supporting condition of EGSM (it should be supported including by the carrier frequency, combiner) Dual-band carrier wave (whether it supports the mixed use of 900 M/1800M in the same cabinet) The commonality of duplicate parts Whether it can built-in transmission unitThe single cabinet size (high × width × deep) Installation method Whether it can place against the wallThe basic frame full-configured weight and the supportable number of carrier frequencyThe expansion frame full-configured weight and the supportable number of carrier frequency

基站型号软件版本号采用载频板型号采用合路器型号是否已取得入网许可室内型or室外型是否是主远端分离单机柜最大载频容量单机柜最大支持的扇区数是否是双载频板如是双载频板，是否必须成对配置(即单载频站型只能硬件配置双载频)单机柜可达到的单站最大配置接收机灵敏度单基站最大扩展能力(最大配置TRX数/需机柜数)(按3扇区填写)机顶发射功率(分别给出一级合路与两级合路)功放最大输出功率功放最大输出功率(EGPRS，单个逻辑载频)有无塔放接口有无内置避雷装置是否支持超远覆盖/是否需要软件支持(简单描述软硬件如何实现)EGSM支持情况(包括载频、合路器均应支持)双频段载波（是否支持900M/1800M在同一机柜内混合使用）备件通用性是否可以内置传输单元单机柜尺寸安装方式可否靠墙放置基本架满配重量及支持载频数扩容架满配重量及支持载频数是否支持基本架与扩容架跨扇区满配功耗满配时重量供电方式机柜进出线方式合路器损耗合路能力：几合一单扇区最大支持几载频合路到一副天线/采用几个合路器单扇区载频达到需要增加一副天线时，是否支持两级合路换以不增加天线如两级合路插损为是否支持基带跳频和合成跳频每单个合路器在从低载频数向高载频数扩容时，是否还需要增加硬件可用性指标MTBFMTTR系统中断服务时间硬件是否支持EGPRS本次报价软件版本号开始支持EGPRS的软件版本号其他特点注： 1 应分别填写出来按照本次报价要求所采用的全部BTS型号和采用的合路器型号 2 列出本报价要求的全部室外型基站与高功放单元

Studied present measuring methods" advantages and disadvantages, and presented the necessity and importance of researching propellant transient heat transfer.2.according to 130 and aeronautic 90 rocket projectiles" structure, analysed and acquired physical and mathematical models for propellant transient heat transfer, also designed propellant temperature field simulation units for test.3.acquired discrete transient heat balance equation and temperature calculation program, and gave contrasting curves between experimental temperature values and program calculating temperature values as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.4.by programs based on the first class boundary condition, worked out temperature distribution in propellant temperature field simulation units at different time, analysed temperature field distribution law and main elements affecting heat transfer, acquired propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.5.established transient heat transfer mathematical model and temperature calculation program for the third class boundary condition, drew contrasting curves between temperature experimental values and calculation values and gave maximum errors and average square root errors between them, got temperature distribution in the simulation unit at different time and main elements affecting heat conduction, figured out propellant mass weighted average temperature and one at the half position of propellant maximum thickness as well as maximum errors and average square root errors between them.

分析了现有测试方法的优缺点，提出了研究推进剂瞬态导热的必要性和重要性。 2。根据130和航90两种火箭弹的结构，分析得到了推进剂传热的物理模型和数学模型，设计了推进剂温度场模拟实验装置。 3。得到了离散形式的瞬态热平衡方程和温度场计算程序，给出了实验温度与程序计算温度值的对比曲线及其最大偏差与均方差。 4。利用程序求出了第一类边界条件下、不同时刻推进剂温度场模拟装置中的温度分布，分析了温度场的分布规律和影响传热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处的温度时间曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差。 5。建立了第三类边界条件下的瞬态导热数学模型和温度计算程序，求出了温度实测值与计算值的对比曲线并给出了两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，得到了不同时刻温度场模拟装置的温度分布与影响导热的主要因素，求出了推进剂质量加权平均温度和最大肉厚1／2处温度及两者之间的最大偏差与均方差，讨论并确定了能代表130和航90推进剂温度的特征点的位置。

The three groups were loaded and analyzed under the same loading according to the mean value of the bite force of incisors. RESULTS:(1)The maximum stress of dentin in group A was twice higher than that in group B. The maximum primary stress, minimum primary stress and maximum shear stress of group A were respectively 236.35, 228.83 and 218.05 percent of those in group B. The difference of maximum stress values of group B and group C was neglectable.(2) The maximum stress distribution of dentin in group A and group B was quite different (the stress was concentrated in labial and lingual side of the cervical dentin in group A, otherwise in group B it was concentrated in the area around the alveolar and the labial and lingual side of the dentin which was opposite to the tip of the cast metal post and core). The maximum stress distribution of dentin in group A and group B was almost the same.

结果：(1)从牙本质的应力大小来看，A组中牙本质最大应力值比B组中牙本质最大应力值增大了1倍以上（最大主应力、最小主应力和最大剪切应力A组分别是B组的236.35%、228.83%和218.05%），而B组与C组的牙本质最大应力值相差极小；(2)从牙本质的应力分布位置来看，A组与B组的牙本质最大应力分布位置相差甚远（A组主要集中在牙颈部唇舌侧肩台部的牙本质上，B组主要集中于牙槽嵴顶附近及铸造桩核尾端相对应的唇舌侧的牙本质上），而B组与C组的牙本质最大应力分布几乎在同一位置。

Result Richards Model and Monodic Quadratic Equation could properly describe grain dry matter growing process and the change process of grain filling rate with days after anthesis. There was big difference in average grain filling rate, maximum grain filling rate under different planting density. Average grain filling rate 1.26 mg/ and maximum grain filling rate 2.44 mg/ of T7 were the quickest, and the average grain filling rate 0.94 mg/ and maximum grain filling rate 1.99 mg/ of T12 were the slowest, and the maximum difference percentage of the average grain filling rate and maximum grain filling rate among different density were 33.98%, 22.61%. There was significant correlation between average grain filling rate, maximum grain filling rate, grain filling active duration, rapid increasing stage and thousand grain weight, and the correlation coefficients were 0.628*, 0.630*, 0.849**, 0.739**. Active grain filling duration contributed mostly to TGW.

结果不同密度处理间千粒重、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、单株穗数、单位面积籽粒产量均存在显著差异；不同密度处理冬小麦的籽粒灌浆均符合慢－快－慢的&S&型生长特性，用Richards模型能很好地模拟冬小麦籽粒增重过程，用一元二次抛物线方程能较好地模拟冬小麦灌浆速率随花后时间变化过程；不同密度处理间平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率有较大差异，最大差异率分别为33.98%、22.61%，T7的平均灌浆速率1.26mg/及最大灌浆速率2.44mg/均最大，T12的平均灌浆速率0.94mg/及最大灌浆速率1.99mg/均最小；平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、灌浆活跃期、灌浆快增期与千粒重显著或极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.628*、0.630*、0.849**、0.739**；通径分析表明，灌浆活跃期对千粒重的贡献最大。

And think it the basic idea of "the supremacy of law" and "people foremost" that criminal investigation system reform in China. It also involves the principles of investigation system reformation in china: the principle of phase-in, the principle of system, the principle of localization, the principle of planning as whole principle, the principle of following criminal investigation rule and its characteristic principle, the principle of being proceeded to enhance the overall potency of police related to criminality.

认为"法律至上"和"以人为本"是我国刑侦体制改革的基本理念：其次，论述了我国刑侦体制改革的基本原则，包括渐进性原则、系统性原则、本土化原则、统筹协调原则、遵循刑事侦查工作的规律和特点原则、有利于提高刑警队伍的整体素质和整体效能原则。

The second, make sure the right of privacy and power, other rights to apply the principle: Namely be principle, power towards power proceed strict system roughly, had match comparison principle (aptness principle, necessity principle with comparison principle) that when the right of privacy and power take place to conflict, can have the initiative to apply with the rights basis, and cannot breach the relevant entity method with the provision of the procedure method; When the right of privacy conflict with the other rights occurrence, on the equal foundation of rights, make use of the basic value for method for background for row preface for rights for rank principle with benefits measuring and rights moderating the principle make suring have the initiativing the suitable for use, namely advancedly act liking the right of quality with rights row preface, the former is a kind of law ruling, having the stable legal effect, the latter then having the palliation with individual, by the of the right of conflict representing of preface and worth an of scene row the freedom, justice, order with general value equal, the efficiency, benefits is one by one in order preface suit

第二，确定权力与其他权利是否侵犯隐私权的标准：即以权利本位的理念，对权力进行严格制约，只有符合比例原则(适当性原则、必要性原则和比例性原则)的权力才不构成侵权，并不得违反有关实体法和程序法的规定；在权利平等的基础上，利用情景排序及价值位阶原则和利益衡量及权利协调原则确定其他权利是否构成侵权，即先进行同质权利的排序和权利的背景排序，前者是一种法律规定，具有稳定的法律效力，后者则具有暂时性和个体性，按权利所代表的法的基本价值和一般价值依次序适用。一般价值的适用次序，则根据具体情况，按利益衡量、权利协调的原则确定，使个案的解决能够适当兼顾双方的利益。第三，确定隐私权的内容，采用列举式和概括式的方法对侵犯隐私权的行为予以具体化，并规定排除侵权的例外，包括正当业务行为，权利人的承诺及推定承诺行为，契约行为，自弃行为及自救行为。第四，对科学技术发展和国际政治经济变化引发的隐私权保护问题予以充分重视，以制度化、法律化解决问题。

In this chapter, under the penalty functional satisfies the local Lipschitz condition, by using the Ekeland's variational principle and the properties of finite codimension, the Pontryagin's maximum principle of corresponding optimal control problem whose control variable is the harvesting rate and the input rate respectively is obtained.

本章在性能指标泛函满足局部Lipschitz条件下，利用Ekeland变分原理和有限余维的性质，证明了控制变量分别为收获率和输入率的相应控制问题的Pontryagin极大值原理。

Now she was hungry and angry.She began to smoulder.

现在她又饿又气，她开始流露难以抑制的怒火。

You have placed our iniquities before You, Our secret sins in the light of Your presence.

诗90：8 你将我们的罪孽摆在你面前、将我们的隐恶摆在你面光之中。