查询词典 polymorphic

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Alternaria alternata isolates from different places in Yunnan province were analyzed for genetic diversity by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA.

运用RAPD分子标记技术分析了来自云南各地24个烟草赤星病菌株的遗传多样性。

Certain solid-state properties of the drug substance (e.g., polymorphic form or amorphism, solvation or hydration, various types of inclusion complexes, and particle size or surface area) may profoundly affect dissolution and bioavailability from solid dosage forms or suspension drug products.

一些原料药的固态特性（如：多晶型物或无晶型物，溶剂化作用或水合作用，各种包含物复合体，颗粒尺寸或表面面积），可能极大地影响着固态和悬浮态形式的制剂药品的分解的生物药效率。

The main contents in this thesis go as follows.The polymorphic transition process of 5'-GMPNa2 from amorphism to crystal was investigated by in-situ monitoring technique and ex-situ monitoring technique. The transition mechanism was deduced to be solution mediated transition.

具体研究内容如下：利用聚焦光束反射测量仪、颗粒图像测量仪和X射线粉末衍射仪等测试手段对5'-鸟苷酸二钠由无定形体转化为晶体的过程进行了研究，推断出其过程机理为溶液过渡转化。

Certain solid-state properties of the drug substance (e.g., polymorphic form or amorphism, solation or hydration, arious types of inclusion complexes, and particle size or surface area) may profoundly affect dissolution and bioaailability from solid dosage forms or suspension drug products.

一些原料药的固态特性（如：多晶型或无定型，溶剂化作用或水合作用，各种包涵性复合物，粒度或比表面积），可能极大地影响着固态和悬浮态形式的制剂药品的溶出度与生物利用度。

The cooling crystallization and the polymorphic transition processes of L-Serine in aqueous solution were real time monitored by PVM and FBRM. The results show that at a higher temperature, the anhydrous crystals form in club-shaped habit, while the temperature of the slurry was cooled under the polymorphic transition temperature, the club-shaped anhydrous crystals would translate to the hexagonal plate-shaped monohydrate crystals.

利用PVM和FBRM对L-丝氨酸水溶液的冷却结晶过程和晶型转变现象进行的实时监测表明，在高温区析出的是棒状无水合L-丝氨酸晶体，当冷却至晶型转变温度以下时，棒状晶体逐渐转变为六角片状的水合晶体。

The number of effective loci, the percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon's Information index and effective number of alleles is in turn109, 61.58%, 0.3135, 1.3641 for RAPD makers, and 79, 71.82 %, 0.3577 and 1.4037 for ISSR markers; Jaccard's genetic similarity matrice and dendrograms for the 10 individuals were formed based on RAPD and ISSR-generated polymorphic bands.

基于扩增条带数据库建立了各自的Jaccard遗传相关系数矩阵，构建了相似的分子树状图，将10个供试材料分为2类：一类群含组培85.5、大田85.5、组培9302、大田9302、金状元和金白6个材料；另一类群含北京1号、大红袍、地黄9104和野生地黄4个材料。

The UBC-868 is the most efficient primer which generates 16 polymorphic bands, including the most significant 900 bp polymorphic DNA fragment. The 900 bp fragment is specifically observed in vegetable soybean varieties which have black seed coat, except the yellow seed coat variety Kuo China.

其中以UBC868扩增出16个DNA条带为最多，且於电泳胶片上900 bp处有一明显的多型性条带，此DNA条带除了来自中国的Kuo China品系外，可视为常出现在黑色种皮毛豆中。

Polymorphic loci, polymorphic frequencies, Nei's index of phenotypic diversity and Shannon index were 228, 62.81%, 0.2781, 0.4092, respectively, among Changjiang population, and 269, 74.10%, 0.3077, 0.4493, respectively, among Minjiang population. The results suggested that the two East Sea eel populations had abundant genetic variation, and the Minjiang river population was lower than the Changjiang river population, which indicated that high levels of genetic variation existed in the natural populations of Chinese Anguilla japonica.

结果表明：6对选择性扩增引物共检测到363个位点其中闽江流域群体和长江口群体的多态位点数、多态位点频率、Nei's基因多样性系数、Shannon's信息指数分别为228和269、 62.81%和74.10%、 0.2781和0.3077、0.4092和0.4493，日本鳗鲡这两个群体均具有较丰富的遗传变异，但闽江流域群体的明显低于长江口群体。

The genetic variations of four ginseng populations (32 individuals) were confirmed by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers and 46.1% polymorphic sites were detected, which proved that the genetic diversity level in the garden ginseng Panax ginseng C.A.

用随机扩增多态DNA标记法对 4个人参(PanaxginsengC 。A 。Meyer)栽培群体 32个个体进行遗传多样性分析，发现RAPD多态位点为 46 。1%，证明在人参栽培群体中存在较丰富的遗传多样性。分析一路参、三路参、系选品系 5 9号、北京参等 4个人参栽培群体和 1个西洋参 P 。quinquefoliumL 。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。