查询词典 political

The social level structure is defined from its basic conception, in-depth meaning and characteristics. The term refers to a functional being and social reality, a unity of physical space and value space as well as connectional and theoretical existence. Viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, the social level structure is a political sovereignty grading or ladder in a state who values the supremacy of sovereignty, penetrating into economic, cultural and social fields, universally forming social relationship. Based on general social structure, social system and political sovereignty, the social level structure is an abstractly summary of social hierarchy which is neither a copy of political structure nor simply addition of economic, cultural and social structure. The social level structure is long hidden but universally existing, deeply affecting and shaping social system, people's life and thinking. Based on the above, the thesis probes the social foundation, evolutional law, fundamental quality, running mechanism, historical function, current significant and the reform necessity.

从社会层级结构概念的基本规定、深层意蕴和性状表现三个方面界定社会层级结构概念，认为社会层级结构既是一种实体性存在和社会现实，也是一种观念性存在和理论构造，是物理空间和意义空间的统一；从政治哲学视野，社会层级结构是在政治国家内部按照权力至上的方式形成的权力级别或权力阶梯，并渗透到经济、文化、社会领域，形成具有普遍性的社会关系体系；它以总体社会结构为依托，以社会制度为外化，以政治权力为中轴；它既不是政治结构的翻版，不是社会阶层结构的别名，也不是经济、文化、社会结构的简单叠加，而是对它们层级性的一种抽象和概括；这种结构长期隐而不显，但却无处不在、无时不有，深深地影响和牢牢地控制着社会制度、人的生活和人的思维方式。

In the 1980s,developing countries realized the transition of politics one by one.The study on political development and political transition became the hot issue again. In the early 1990s,Russia began its political transition under delegative democracy which came from its political historical background and actual situation.

20世纪80年代，发展中国家相继实现了民主政治转型，政治发展、政治转型研究再度成为政治学界的热门课题。90年代初，俄罗斯走上了政治转型道路，特殊的历史背景和现实环境使之形成了独特的政治转型模式。

2In the period of planned economy, the three-stage of developmental phases of political culture determined the three-stage of developmental phases of scientific and technical system: the centralized political culture brought the absolute magisterial status of state scientific research institution in installation of organizational institutions, the flexuous development of political culture brought the scientific and technological system into chaos, the rational return of political culture promoted to resume and reconstruct scientific and technological system.

2计划经济时期政治文化发展的三阶段决定了科技体制发展的三阶段：高度中央集权的政治文化带来国有科研机构在科技体制组织体系设置中的绝对主导地位、政治文化的曲折发展带来科技体制的混乱、政治文化的理性回归促进科技体制的恢复与重建。

In accordance with Hannah Arendt's political idea, the calamity of literary knowledge production is not owing to its being "political," but rather owing to its being impolitical under the appearance of "being political," owing to its lack of publicity, which regards difference and plurality as its premise, which real political practice needs.

依照阿伦特的政治观，极&左&时期文艺学知识生产的灾难不能泛泛地归结为&政治&化，而恰恰是它在&政治&化外表下的非政治化，在于它缺乏真正的政治实践所需要的公共性－这种公共性是以差异性与多元性为前提的。

While no doubt such political strength can be set back in given localities through political counteroffensives of capitalist groups, it is also true that the long-run "democratization" of the political machineries throughout the history of the modern world-system have served to make the curveof the political strength of the working classes an upward one over the longue durée in virtually all states in the world-system.

虽然这种政治势力在特定地域里，无疑会遭受资本家集团的政治反击而撤退，但是现代世界体系的整个历史里，政治机构的长期「民主化」，确实让劳工阶级的政治势力曲线，在世界体系的几乎所有国家里，就长期而言都在上升。

Due to the conformity of its political and constitutional philosophy, its uncentered position in the distribution of powers and sufficient political experiences and legal knowledge of its principal figures, Marshall's Court played an unrivaled role in propelling the enforcement of the Constitution. By interpreting the Constitution, they gradually acquired the status of ultimate judge in deciding the political framework, successfully converting the political designing into constitutional interpretation.

由于其政治哲学和宪法哲学的一致性，也由于其在国家权力结构中的边缘位置，由于其早期领导人物的丰富的政治经验和敏锐的政治判断以及精良的法律知识，联邦最高法院在马歇尔担任首席大法官期间对于推进联邦政制的实际落实起到了莫大的作用，他们以宪法解释为基本途径，获得了对于国家结构的终局裁判者的制度定位，从而将政治规划转变为宪法解释操作。

The practical countermeasure of Han Fei-zi's political thoughts focuses on two parts: First, on the relationship of political order and political justice, he insists on taking order first as the premise of political value; Second, to surviving and developing in a age of power campaign, domestic management and national power enhancement are extremely important, so he proposes (1) Enriching Nation and Strengthening Army, Attaching Great Importance to Agriculture and Restraining Commerce;(2) Punishing Arrogated Minister, Strictly Enforcing the Judicial Reforms, and Changing habits and customs.

韩非子政治思想的现实对策主要包括两个方面的内容：其一，在政治秩序与政治正义之间的关系问题上，主张&秩序优先&前提下实现政治价值；其二，欲在&争于气力&生存与发展，强调内政治理、增强国力的极端重要性，主张(1)富国强兵，重农抑商，(2)惩治重臣，厉行法治，移风易俗。

Jiang Zemins theory of ideological political work is a theory system consisting of a series of scientific systematic and innovative thought, theories and viewpoints. The theory was developed in the brand-new cross-century historical period to solve the problems of ideological political work preservation in the socialist construction with distinctive Chinese Characteristics. It was gradually developed and matured by the Chinese Communists Cantered around Jiang Zemin, who, on the basis of a practical and realistic analysis of the new situation new problems and new mission of modern Chinese ideological political work, have grasped firmly the themes of modern times and the circumstances at home and abroad, and availed of Marxism, Mao Zedong Thoughts and basic principles of Deng Xiaoqing Theories, especially its thoughts on ideological political work.

江泽民思想政治工作学说是以江泽民为核心的中国共产党在跨世纪的历史时期，把握当今世界的时代主题和国际国内形势，运用马克思主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的基本原理，尤其是思想政治工作理论，在实事求是地分析党的思想政治工作面临的新情况、新问题、新任务的基础上，为解决中国特色社会主义建设中党的思想政治工作问题而逐渐发展成熟起来的一个科学、系统、创新的学说体系。

This article around the political and economic social development analyzes and introspects the intrinsic profound relation with comparison, and unify the illustration that the Contemporary China politics and construction promote the grow of state economic society, to attempt to elaborate the importance of the authority, the order and the vitality in constructing of the political validity,, and further verifies the middle axle principle role that the political validity plays in the national development, thus , from the political validity construction which promotes country growth and social development, to verifie the achievement which the China reform and open policy more than 30 for years obtained is the fact that the effective politics create effective development.

本文通过分析政治与经济社会发展的内在深刻联系和反思比较两者的关系，并结合当代中国政治建设促进国家经济社会成长的例证，试图阐述在建构政治有效性当中权威、秩序和活力的重要性，并据此进一步探明政治有效性在国家发展当中所起到的中轴原理作用，从而印证中国改革开放三十多年来所取得的成就从政治有效性建构促进国家成长和社会发展的层面上来说就是有效政治创造有效发展的事实。

By strengthening leading of the party and the theory supporting; making the specialized capable and effective work troop of the network ideological and political education; displaying the function of the network carrier and strengthening the construction of the position of the network; establishing and perfecting the mechanism of the network ideological and political education in network The exploration in the view of study and systemic analysis for actual effect of network ideological and political education for resoling cyber crime. On this thesis have certain significance in theory and reality for promoting the innovation of network ideological and political education and strengthening of actual effect of it.

说到底互联网己不只是一种媒介、媒体和传播工具，它已经完全构成了一个新的社会形式，在这些认识主体、认识对象、教育主体、教育对象、教育方式、教育途径、教育形式以及教育内容都发生了前所未有的变化情况下，就必然要把社会发展、人的发展和思想政治教育的发展，把思想政治教育各个方面、各个环节的发展联系起来、整合起来，研究网络环境下的思想政治教育创新发展的系统性、规律性，来应对网络犯罪的严峻形势。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了