查询词典 political system

On the political front, Junguo parallel implementation of the system, follow the example of the Han dynasty system, county enfeoffment system and parallel system, bureaucratic establishment and implementation of the central and local Bureaucracy, to ensure the effective control of the political and practical rule.

在政治上，实行郡国并行制，仿效汉朝制度，郡县制和分封制并行，并实施中央官制和地方官制，确保政治上的有效控制和实际统治。

Researches on the development of the political civilization, the appearance and the main rules of the international system in the Huaxia regional historical world of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, will be very helpful to our understanding of the origins and the characters of the East Asia international system, which was formed around ancient China and now is usually called the East Asia Enfeoffment and Tribute System, and will provide useful political experience for the construction and study of the contemporary international relations at this globalization time.

对于夏、商、周三代时期华夏区域历史世界政治文明的发展、国际体系的形成及其规则开展研究，有助于认识和了解后来以中国为中心所形成的东亚国际体系——"东亚封贡体系"的起源与特点，并为全球化时代国际关系的建设与研究提供具有东亚特色的政治遗产。

Making sure the cognition of our traditional political culture, the article probes into the four phases of its naissance and development: moral、Tao、amenity、logos; and discusses the soil of naissance: agriculture economy is long-standing、the society configuration patriarchal clan system 、Confucianism come into national ideology、the masterdom of Realpolitik; and describes its characteristic: the paternalistic political culture、the political culture worship power 、the political culture of lay store by civilian、the self-discipline political culture、the political culture of potential rules、the equalitarian political culture.

基于对我国传统政治文化以上的界定，探讨了我国传统政治文化的形成和发展过程的四个阶段：德、道、义、理；其赖以生存的土壤：小农自然经济的长期延续、宗法族制的社会结构、儒学的国家意识形态化、权力阶层的支配与匡约；以及其外在的表现特征：家长本位的政治文化、权力崇拜的政治文化、重民的政治文化、自律诉求的政治文化、"潜规则"的政治文化、均平取向的政治文化。

Different types and levels of development of the countries generally have taken a different political systems, but may also in some ways have the same or similar system; the same type and level of development of the countries generally have the same or similar political systems, but in some areas there may be very different:(1) according to state management form, namely the form of state power points, there is absolute monarchy system of slave society, the nobility republican, democratic republic; State has the absolute monarchy of feudalism, class representative of the monarchy, republican (little city-state has adopted); capitalist countries have constitutional monarchy and democratic republic two types of constitutional monarchy is divided into the dual monarchy such as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, and a parliamentary monarchy like the United Kingdom, democratic republic is divided into parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system and the committee system in three forms; of the socialist countries of the Soviet system of the former Soviet Union, former Yugoslavia, the delegation system, China and Cuba and other countries of the people's congress system and so on.

不同类型和发展程度的国家一般都采取不同的政治制度，但也可能在某方面有相同或相似的体制；同一类型和发展程度的国家一般都有相同或类似的政治制度，但在某些方面也可能有很大差异：（1）按国家管理形式即政权组织形式分，奴隶社会有君主专制制、贵族共和制、民主共和制；封建主义国家有绝对君主制、等级代表君主制、共和制；资本主义国家有君主立宪制和民主共和制两大类型，君主立宪制又分为二元君主制如约旦哈希姆王国和议会制君主制如英国，民主共和制又分为议会内阁制、总统制和委员会制三种形式；社会主义国家有原苏联的苏维埃制，原南斯拉夫的代表团制，中国和古巴等国的人民代表大会制等。

In this paper the importation of translations that the value orientation of personnel, organization and personnel employment orientation towards the mobile space changes focusing on concepts, organizations, systems, cultural, and social aspects of China's human impact on the flow of major issues, from the political, economic, cultural, market, environment etc., the promotion and protection of the rational flow of talents to deal with comments and suggestions, as follows: In politics, setting up the political sense of talent with the progress of time spirit, implementing roundly the strategy to strengthen nation by relying on talent, establishing quickly the system to manage talent and reforming the system of personnel; In economy,talent flow corresponding with economic construction, assorting talent's structure with economic structure, paying attention to the economic benefit from talent flow, quickening to construct the social welfare system of talent, founding the flexible system of employment and reducing the cost of talent flow; In culture, stressing on the functions of culture for talent flow, cultural model corresponding with the model of talent flow, sparking plug the excellent culture to facilitate talent flow and erecting the cultural system to motivate talent flow; In marketing, unifying the thinking to developing talent market, enhancing the construction of talent market and fastening the growth of service agency for talent; In surroundings, grasping the elements of talent surroundings, optimizing the circumstance of talent flow and building the condition to look after the security of talents.

本文指出了人才价值取向、组织用人取向和人才流动空间走向的变化，着重从观念、组织、制度、文化、社会等方面具体分析了影响我国人才流动的主要问题，从政治、经济、文化、市场、环境等方面研究，提出了促进和保障人才合理流动的意见和建议，包括：树立与时俱进的人才政治理念，全面实施人才强国战略，加快构建人才领导体制，改革创新人事制度等政治对策；人才流动与经济建设对应，人才结构与经济结构协调，讲求人才流动的经济效益，加快人才社会保障体系建设，建立灵活的就业体制，降低人才流动的经济成本等经济对策；注重文化功能对人才流动的作用，倡导促进人才流动的优秀文化，构建激励人才流动的文化机制等文化对策；统一人才市场发展思路，突出人才市场建设重点，加快人才服务业的成长等市场对策；优化人才流动环境，构建人才安全环境等环境对策。

The whole paper introduces traditional Chinese medical system, the foundation and development of national medical system and local medical system in AnBa, I try to formulate the medical pluralism in AnBa from micro cultural and macro political and economical perspective. The theoretical method I choose in my paper is the political and economical view of critical medical anthropology.

本文应用批评人类学的政治、经济学观点，通过对中国传统医学体系、国家医学体系的发展和建立，以及庵坝地方性医学知识体系的介绍，从微观文化和宏观政治、经济两个层面，对庵坝医学多元主义进行阐述和说明。

The social level structure is defined from its basic conception, in-depth meaning and characteristics. The term refers to a functional being and social reality, a unity of physical space and value space as well as connectional and theoretical existence. Viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, the social level structure is a political sovereignty grading or ladder in a state who values the supremacy of sovereignty, penetrating into economic, cultural and social fields, universally forming social relationship. Based on general social structure, social system and political sovereignty, the social level structure is an abstractly summary of social hierarchy which is neither a copy of political structure nor simply addition of economic, cultural and social structure. The social level structure is long hidden but universally existing, deeply affecting and shaping social system, people's life and thinking. Based on the above, the thesis probes the social foundation, evolutional law, fundamental quality, running mechanism, historical function, current significant and the reform necessity.

从社会层级结构概念的基本规定、深层意蕴和性状表现三个方面界定社会层级结构概念，认为社会层级结构既是一种实体性存在和社会现实，也是一种观念性存在和理论构造，是物理空间和意义空间的统一；从政治哲学视野，社会层级结构是在政治国家内部按照权力至上的方式形成的权力级别或权力阶梯，并渗透到经济、文化、社会领域，形成具有普遍性的社会关系体系；它以总体社会结构为依托，以社会制度为外化，以政治权力为中轴；它既不是政治结构的翻版，不是社会阶层结构的别名，也不是经济、文化、社会结构的简单叠加，而是对它们层级性的一种抽象和概括；这种结构长期隐而不显，但却无处不在、无时不有，深深地影响和牢牢地控制着社会制度、人的生活和人的思维方式。

While no doubt such political strength can be set back in given localities through political counteroffensives of capitalist groups, it is also true that the long-run "democratization" of the political machineries throughout the history of the modern world-system have served to make the curveof the political strength of the working classes an upward one over the longue durée in virtually all states in the world-system.

虽然这种政治势力在特定地域里，无疑会遭受资本家集团的政治反击而撤退，但是现代世界体系的整个历史里，政治机构的长期「民主化」，确实让劳工阶级的政治势力曲线，在世界体系的几乎所有国家里，就长期而言都在上升。

Making sure the cognition of our traditional political culture, the article probes into the four phases of its naissance and development: moral、Tao、amenity、logos; and discusses the soil of naissance: agriculture economy is long-standing、the society configuration patriarchal clan system 、Confucianism come into national ideology、the masterdom of Realpolitik; and describes its characteristic: the paternalistic political culture、the political culture worship power 、the political culture of lay store by civilian、the self-discipline political culture、the political culture of potential rules、the equalitarian political culture.

基于对我国传统政治文化以上的界定，探讨了我国传统政治文化的形成和发展过程的四个阶段：德、道、义、理；其赖以生存的土壤：小农自然经济的长期延续、宗法族制的社会结构、儒学的国家意识形态化、权力阶层的支配与匡约；以及其外在的表现特征：家长本位的政治文化、权力崇拜的政治文化、重民的政治文化、自律诉求的政治文化、&潜规则&的政治文化、均平取向的政治文化。

In the course system of secondary vocational school, the ideological and political lesson has very important function for the forming of student"s ideological standards and political awarenessAt present there are some questions that can"t be ignored in the teaching ideological and political lesson of secondary vocational school in our country, including: The demand for ideological and political education lacks the level, breaks away from students" inherent demand and social work and becomes a kind of the standard of mechanical dogma; the education content of the ideology and politics lesson pays attention to the political theory knowledge of the thought, is inclined to the thinking with doctrine of knowledge center, the educational course of the ideological and political lesson ignores the forming student"s intact personality, the teaching method of the ideology and politics lesson gets used to rigid inculcates and force to submitting , lacks the effective dredging education and the guiding self-education ,the apparition of the teaching of the ideological and political lesson is unreasonable ,etc Author thinks that the teachers teaching art of the ideological and political lesson is the key to improve the teaching quality of the ideological and political lesson, to accomplish the task of teaching effectively, and to make the good teaching result.

中等专业学校课程体系中，思想政治课对学生思想政治素质的养成，具有举足轻重的作用。目前我国中等专业学校思想政治课教学存在着一些不容忽视的问题，它们包括：思想政治课教育教学的要求缺乏层次，脱离学生的内在需要和社会实际，成为一种刻板的圣贤式的标准；思想政治课的教育内容，关注思想政治理论知识，具有知识中心主义的思维倾向；思想政治课教育教学过程忽视学生完整人格的养成；思想政治课的教育教学方法，习惯于硬性的灌输和压服，缺乏有效的疏导教育和有指导的自我教育；思想政治课的教学评价不合理等。笔者认为要提高中等专业学校思想政治课的教学质量，有效完成教学任务，取得良好教学效果，关键在于思想政治课教师的教学艺术。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。