查询词典 political reform

The author analyzes the formation of the theory in terms of its theory origin, philosophical base and practice foundation, with a conclusion that Deng Xiaoping"s theory has been anteceded by Mao Zedong"s theory, with a matter-of-fact attitude and a permeance of historical materialism and materialist dialectics. The practice of political and ideological education from the establishment of the CPC until the Third Central Committee Meeting of the Eleventh Plenary Central Committee of the CPC is a historical precedent condition; the practice since the Reform and Open Policy is a realistic factor; and Deng Xiaopings own practice of political and ideological education is also an very important condition.

主要从邓小平新时期思想政治教育理论形成的理论来源、哲学基础和实践基础、三个角度论述邓小平新时期思想政治教育理论的形成，阐明邓小平新时期思想政治教育理论是和革命导师特别是毛泽东的思想政治教育理论一脉相承的，实事求是是其灵魂，历史唯物主义和唯物辩证法贯穿于这一理论的各个方面，中国共产党成立到十一届三中全会以前近六十年党的思想政治教育实践是其形成的历史依据，改革开放以来党的思想政治教育实践是其形成的现实依据，邓小平长期的思想政治教育实践是其形成的重要条件。

Since the reform and opening to the outside world in China, with the constant adjustment of ownership structure and production relation, China has experienced great changes of stratum structure and stratified differentiation, which brings complex impact on political participation mechanism, simultaneous, political participation affects the process of social stratum changes in a degree.

改革开放以来，随着所有制结构和生产关系的不断调整，我国社会阶层分化日益明显，阶层结构发生了重大的变迁。阶层结构的变化给我国的政治参与机制带来了十分复杂的影响，同时公民政治参与也在一定程度上影响阶层结构变迁的进程。

Since the reform and opening to the outside world in China, with the constant adjustment of ownership structure and production relation, China has experienced great changes of stratum structure and stratified differentiation, brings complex impact on political participation mechanism, simultaneous, political participation affects the process of social stratum changes in a degree.

改革开放以来，随着所有制结构和生产关系的不断调整，我国阶层分化日益明显，阶层结构发生了重大的变迁。阶层结构的变化给我国的参与机制带来了十分复杂的，同时公民政治参与也在一定程度上影响阶层结构变迁的进程。

From the reform and open to the outside world,the civic consciousness in our country has developed fully,but it still can not adapt the current development of the market economy.Especially in the rural area, the civic consciousness of our country's peasants restricts the fast development of rural market economy to a large extent.Consequently,it is a great significance to cultivate the peasants' civic consciousness.This paper discusses some opinions in this field,In detail:The first part starts with the concept of the civilians and the civic consciousness,and mainly discusses what are the civilians and its historical development.Then the paper analyzes the meanings of the civic consciousness and its formation conditions,and based on which analyses the characteristics of the contemporary peasants in our country and its influence on the formation of our country's civic consciousness.At present,the lifestyle of our country's peasants is mainly agricultural.They are the subordinate to the dominant in the field of the political right,possess the low quality in the whole in the cultural aspect and relatively lag behind in the aspect of ideology.All hinder the development of the peasants' civic consciousness,affect the enlargement of the peasants' political participation,and go against the cultivation of the peasants' collective consciousness.

改革开放以来我国公民的公民意识得到了长足的发展，但仍然不能适应当前市场经济的发展，尤其是在农村，我国农民的公民意识在很大程度上制约了农村市场经济的快速发展，因此，培育农民的公民意识具有重要意义，本文即是想在这方面谈谈自己的想法，具体来说：本文的第一部分首先从公民和公民意识的概念入手，主要论述了公民意识的形成及其在我国的历史发展，接着进一步的分析了公民意识的含义及其构成，在此基础上分析了当代我国农民的特点以及其对我国农民公民意识的生成所产生的影响，当前，我国农民在生存方式上，仍以农业为主，在政治权利方面，仍是权势力量的从属者，在文化素质方面，整体素质仍然偏低，思想观念方面还是相对落后的，这些特征在很大程度上阻碍了农民的主体意识的发展，影响了农民政治参与的扩大，不利于农民公共精神的培养。

Because with the reform political institution and development of political culture , the deliberative bodies will enlarge .

因为，随着政治体制改革和政治文明的发展，协商主体将进一步扩大。

With continuously penetration of reform and opening, especially acceding into the WTO, speeded up the blending and ruing between the Chinese and Western culture. And with the popularization and swift development of electric network, it is wider in range and more convenient for university students to receive different culture ideas. And also causes the west political system, values, culture idea along with the life style such as economic denationalization, political multi-partyization, rights of human sympathyization and community pluralityization and so on become the university students public topics.

随着我国改革开放的不断深入，尤其是加入世贸组织，加快了中西文化间的交融与碰撞，再加上网络的普及和迅速发展，使大学生接受各种思想文化的途径更加宽泛、便捷，也使经济私有化、政治多党化、人权人道化、社会多元化等西方的政治制度、价值观念、文化思想以及生活方式成为大学生舆论关注的对象。

China in 1949 to the end of 1950"s, which witnessed the first unprecedented outburst of political passion of Chinese youth, 2 the ten-year "Cultural Revolution period: when Chinese youth, driven by enthusiasm and blinded by flightiness and rashness, became politically naive and fanatical, 3 after the Third Session of the Eleventh Party Congress period: when political passion of Chinese youth, with the great tide of reform and open-door policy, came to a new surge, 4 the late 1980s period: when western modern ideas flooded into China, a student movement took place with impatience and negation of Chinese traditions and biased worship of western politics, and 5 the 1990s period: when Chinese youth discarded their restless state of mind started to take part in politics more maturely.

二是中国青年政治激情的辉煌与缺失，从五个阶段论述：中华人民共和国成立至五十年代末期，新中国青年政治激情的第一次空前大爆发；十年文化大革命时期，青年凭着青春的单纯和满腔的热情，带着相当程度的盲目与浮躁，最后导致政治上的狂热和幼稚；十一届三中全会以后，随着改革开放的大潮，中国青年的政治激情再次汹涌澎湃；80年代后期，随着西方现代社会思潮的涌入，急躁情绪、对传统的盲目否定，对西方政治的片面崇拜引发学潮；90年代青年政治参与的"躁动"心态明显减弱，青年参与社会政治的心态趋于成熟。

The decline started before George W. Bush and his criminal co-conspirators accelerated it with their blatant disregard for the rule of law and our Constitution. It will continue, even with a Democratic administration, unless we reform our political system. We must remind Americans that our nation was born in an insurrectionist, populist rebellion against political tyranny and that 9/11 teaches us that we need a Second American Revolution. We must destroy the domestic Axis of Arrogance of our plutocracy more than fear a foreign Axis of Evil.

跌幅开始前，布什和他的刑事合作，共谋加快了它与他们公然无视法治与我们的宪法，它将会持续下去，即使是一个民主的政府，除非我们的改革我们的政治制度，我们必须提醒美国人我们的民族出生在一个insurrectionist ，民粹主义反抗暴政的政治和9 / 11教导我们，我们需要第二次美国革命，我们必须摧毁国内轴线的嚣张气焰，我们plutocracy多於害怕外国邪恶轴心。

In the authors opinion, one important reason why interests separation and political stability issues become more and more prominent in modern Chinese society is that over the past 26 years of reform and opening up to the outside world, a group of people who are named as parvenu gained the most interests from illegal and unjustifiable ways, the economic and political status of them are expanding continuously.

笔者认为，改革开放26年来形成的获利最大者群体中的那些不合法、不合理暴富者经济政治地位不断膨胀的趋势，是当代中国社会利益分化与政治稳定问题日益突出的一个重要原因。

The Essay is focused on the new election system of Japanese House of Representatives' to find out the roles of election system in Japan democratic Progress. To perfect the electoral system, Japan had mended its election system of the House of Representatives 14 times since 1889 till 1994. In 1993, some political issues, included the reform of election system, eventually led Prime Minister Miyazawa Kiichi to resign and ended the Liberal Democratic Party' 38-year-old reign, as well as the so-call"55 system（the party system of 1955）".During the past century, Japan has tried small, medium and large sized district systems, currently "First past the post with Proportional Representation System", to constitute a fair and better system which is expected to improve Japan's political environments and make voters trust the politics.

中文摘要本论文系以日本众议院新选举制度为研究之核心，探讨日本在其民主化过程中，选举制度所扮演之角色，日本为让选举制度更臻完善，自一八八九年起至一九九四年止，共计针对其众议院选举制度进行了十四次之修改，甚至於一九九三年，因选举制度等政治议题之改革，导致自由民主党之宫泽喜一内阁下台，结束该党长达三十八年之长期执政，日本政治上所谓「五五体制」亦至此宣告结束，过去百余年来日本先后实施过小选举区制、中选举区制、大选举区制及目前实施之小选举区比例代表并立制，其主要目的系为建构一套更公正、公平、优质之选举制度，让其政治更清明，让选民对政治更有信心。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。