查询词典 political means

Indeed, the Peloponnesian War features everything one finds in modern international relations theory and practice:"international anarchy," the condition in which political entities exist in a state of nature with one another; attempts by these poleis to improve their security by means of alliances or war; weak allies who drag stronger allies into war, balance of power considerations; and "security dilemmas" brought about by a lack of trust among the actors.

确实，伯罗奔你撒战争反映了我们现代国际关系的理论和实践的所有内容：&国际无政府状态&，一种政治实体之间的自然存在状态；城邦试图以同盟或战争的形式增强安全；出于势力均衡的考虑，弱同盟把比它强大的同盟拖入战争；行为者之间信任的缺乏导致的&安全两难&。

By and large, the impacts are shown in three aspects: The exposition and argumentation content have actuated development of "Criticize Qin" trend of thought; Linguistic manifestation means have promoted the transformation of XiHan political comment prose writing form; the way of obtaining its symbol from a quotation has boosted the change of symboling method in XiHan prose.

这种影响大体表现在三个方面：论说的内容促动了&过秦&思潮的发展；语言表现手段促进了西汉政论散文写作形态的变革；引事取譬的方式促进了西汉散文用事方法的变化。

From the view of our country,it is not only the political ensurence of training all kinds of talents in all special fields who are needed in the modern socialist construction,but also the important means to resist the intention of westernizing and separating China of the western countries,and it is also necessary for resisting and struggling against all kinds of non scientific beliefs.In the view of individual up growing of coll...

从国家的角度讲，它是培养社会主义现代化建设所需的各类专门人才的政治保证，是抵制西方国家&西化&、&分化&图谋的重要手段，是抵制和反对各种非科学信仰的必要条件；从大学生个人成长的角度讲，只有加强信仰教育，才能塑造大学生健康完美的人格，培养良好的政治素质，实现自身价值，完成时代赋予的重大使命。

This study describes the multi-facet systematic evolution of the said rural community from 1907 to 2007: from the perspective of ethnic culture, it has changed from a single ethnic cultural community of Yoghur(Ethnic Yugur\'s self-name) ethnic group into a multi-ethnic cultural community with Yoghur ethnic group as the dominating majority and embracing the ethnic groups of Han, Tibetan, Tu, Mongolian and Kazak; from the perspective of language, it has changed from a community where Yoghur and Tibetan languages dominated with the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language as the subordinate into one where the local Chinese dialect and the written Chinese language dominate with the Yoghur language as the subordinate; in the perspective of marriage and heirship system, from a parallel operation of two systems (patrilineal heirship for official marriages and matrilineal heirship system for matrimonial forms through the head-wearing ceremony) to monogamy and patrilineal heirship; in the perspective of means of living, from animal husbandry complemented with hand knitting and camel caravan transporting to agricultural farming complemented with animal husbandry and many others; in the perspective of social organization, from a traditional tribe to a modern country society; in the perspective of political system and social management, from the customs-authority management which combined the dominating headman hereditary system under the tribal union of an imperial dynasty and the subordinating elite influence, to the resource-interest management of party-government departmental system under the ethnic minority autonomy of a nation state; in the perspective of religious faith, from a coexistence of the Gelug Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism and the devout ancestor worship to the currently prevalent ancestor worship with religions declining and faith weakening; in the perspective of education, from the local-knowledge-oriented education to an official-knowledge-oriented education, in which modern schooling has become the major educational organization instead of the former traditional temple education; the school has replaced the temple as the "knowledge-culture" communication center; at least in the minds of the local people the central role of family education during the children\'s cultural development has also been replaced by schooling.

本研究描述了1907～2007年间，这个乡村社区的多面向的系统变迁：从族群文化的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔为绝对主体的单一族群文化社区转变为一个以尧乎尔为主体的、有汉、藏、土、蒙古、哈萨克等组成的多元族群文化社区；从语言文字的角度而言，从一个以尧乎尔语和藏文为主，以汉语方言和汉文为辅的社区转变为一个以汉语方言和汉文为主，以尧乎尔语为辅的社区；从婚姻与继嗣制度的角度而言，从一个双系并行(明媒正娶婚行父系继嗣制度，帐房戴头婚行母系继嗣制度)的社区转变为行一夫一妻制和父系继嗣制度的社区；从生计方式的角度看，从一个以畜牧业生产为主，以手工编织和驼队运输为辅的社区转变为一个以农业为主，以牧业为辅的、多种生计方式并存的社区；从社会组织的形态而言，从一个传统部落社会转变为一个现代乡村社会；从政治制度和社会控制的角度而言，从帝制王朝的部落联盟制下头目世袭制为主，户族精英为辅的习俗—权威型控制方式转变为一个民族-国家中民族区域自治制度下以党政科层制的资源—利益型控制方式；从宗教信仰的角度而言，从一个格鲁派藏传佛教和萨满教并存，祖先崇拜之风甚烈的社区转变为寺庙衰落、信仰淡化、惟祖先崇拜仍广为流行的社区；从教育的角度而言，从一个以地方知识教育为主的社区转变为一个以官方知识教育为主的社区，现代学校教育取代了传统寺庙教育成为社区的主要教育组织形式，学校取代寺庙成为&知识—文化&传播的中心，在青少年儿童的文化成长过程中，家庭教养扮演的中心角色，至少在乡民的观念上被学校教育替代。

The state's monopoly on universities means they are poorly financed and staffed by political appointees.

国家对大学的垄断使得官员们对于大学的师资配备方面远远不足。

In view of executive power to intervene in the allocation of resources over the reality of the situation, should intensify their efforts to clean up the recent各种乱收费, levies, and shut the power of the currency market of the "gray channel" reflects the strong focus on cleaning up the community, do not lead to monopolies fair competition policy, and actively create a fair and regulated competitive environment, maximizing the contribution of income and reflected on and so on; to be a more effective means of remediation of illegal income, seek to abuse the interests of individuals or small groups with severe punishment imposed for corruption ; At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the reform of the political system, and promote democratization and openness in decision-making, and strengthen the public service and acts of administrative bodies at all levels of supervision and constraints on the exercise of such power by the process of forming a comprehensive and reasonable mechanism for binding.

针对当前行政权力对资源配置干预过度的现实状况，近期应加紧清理各种乱收费、乱摊派，堵住权力市场化和货币化的&灰色通道&，重点清理社会反映强烈、导致垄断等不公平竞争的政策，积极营造公平、规范的竞争环境，最大限度地体现收入与贡献的对等；要以更加有效的手段整治非法收入，对滥用职权谋取个人或小团体利益的腐败行为严惩不怠；同时，要加快政治体制改革，推进决策民主化与公开化，强化对公务人员和各级行政机构行为的监督与制约，形成对权力行使过程全面约束的合理机制。

In view of executive power to intervene in the allocation of resources over the reality of the situation, should intensify their efforts to clean up the recent各种乱收费, levies, and shut the power of the currency market of the "gray channel" reflects the strong focus on cleaning up the community, do not lead to monopolies fair competition policy, and actively create a fair and regulated competitive environment, maximizing the contribution of income and reflected on and so on; to be a more effective means of remediation of illegal income, seek to abuse the interests of individuals or small groups with severe punishment imposed for corruption ; At the same time, it is necessary to speed up the reform of the political system, and promote democratization and openness in decision-making, and strengthen the public service and acts of administrative bodies at all levels of supervision and constraints on the exercise of such power by the process of forming a comprehensive and reasonable mechanism for binding.

当中产阶级成为一个国家的主流群体时，就会结成一张维护社会长治久安的&安全网&。如果说&社会稳定是压倒一切的政治任务&的话，那么，扩大中产阶级的比重就是实现稳定的社会基础。如何促进中国中产阶级的快速发展？笔者认为当前应特别重视以下几个方面：（1）加强法律保护的力度。实践证明，只有依法保护私人产权和维护社会公正，才能促使人们凭借勤劳和智慧去创造财富，才能抑制少数人依仗权势&寻租&和通过贪污腐败手段暴富，才能防止百姓的私有财产不被权贵势力非法侵吞。这样，所有的人将可平等地获得上升的机会，私人资本和职业阶层也会有更大的成长空间。（2）大力发展公共教育事业。知识能够帮助人们改变命运，只有大力发展公共教育，才能使更多的人得到平等分享经济增长成果的机会，这是知识经济时代培育中产阶级的&树人工程&。我们要尽快普及12年制义务教育，大力开展终身教育，打造更多的学习型组织，营造学习型社会的氛围，从而使更多的人通过攀登知识阶梯而升入中产阶级。（3）加快金融创新。中国居民目前工资收入在家庭收入中的比重平均为70％左右，大大高于发达国家50％的水平。工资收入在家庭收入中的占比过大，自然会减缓大多数人进入中产阶级行列的步伐。我们认为，要提高居民收入中非工资收入的比重，最重要的措施就要培育居民的投资意识，并通过金融创新为他们提供多样化的投资工具（如形式多样的共同基金等）。（4）提高专业技术人员、经营管理者、教师、研究人员、公务员等智力劳动者的收入，鼓励智力劳动者进行智力投资，并保护相应的合法权益。（5）建立职业经理人激励机制（包括年薪、奖金、红股、期权等方式），形成职业经理人致富与企业发展互动的财富积累机制。

There were a multitude of things about the rebuilding work after war. Government officials and gentries rebuilt all kinds of social education systems which had been impacted a lot by the war and the social security system such as the Grain Store and the Yuying Tang as well as tried to maintain the social political system by all means.

战后重建工作千头万绪，官绅修复被战争冲击的各种教化系统，并重建了仓储、育婴堂等社会保障体系，还采取各种手段试图维护战后的社会政治秩序。

The overall looked, because the various countries' society political context, economical background , they completely are by no means same in the counter- monopoly law value goal concrete choice.

总体来看，由于各国的社会政治环境、经济背景的不尽相同，它们在反垄断法价值目标的具体选择上并非完全一样。

According to Marxist side, point of view and method, especially under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping\'s theory, the author first explores and analyses the historical, cultural, social, economic and political sources of the hard-dying corruption, then suggests the following for its solution:"treating it by looking into both its root cause and symptoms","guarding against and attacking it","a quick campaign and a long-term strategy","construction of both material civilization and ideological civilization","comprehensive administration and elimination of its single parts" and eight specific measures. The dissertation emphasizes that corruption spreading trend can be put to an end gradually through comprehensive administration, by all available means at the same time, especially by taking into consideration initiating new policies and building the organ to guard and fight against corruption.

按照马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，特别是以邓小平理论为指导，对当前我国腐败现象久遏不止的历史文化根源，社会变迁根源，经济根源和政治根源等进行分析与探索，从而提出了标本兼治、打防结合、战役速决与战略持久相结合，物质文明建设与精神文明建设相结合、综合治理与专项清理相结合的总体思路和八条具体对策，着重强调应从制度创新和建立防腐反腐的机制上着手，多管齐下，通过综合治理，逐渐把腐败现象蔓延的势头遏制住。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。