查询词典 political law

The Criminal Law stipulates that whoever disturbs public order so seriously that "work, production, business, education or scientific research cannot be conducted and the state and society suffer serious losses"; whoever assembles a crowd to disturb "order at stations, wharves, civil airports, market places, public parks, theatres, cinemas, exhibition halls, sports grounds or other public Places", or assembles a crowd to block traffic or undermine traffic order or resist "public security administration personnel of the state" or obstruct them "from carrying out their duties according to law, if the circumstances are serious";"whoever causes a person's injury, disability or death through 'beating, smashing and looting'" and whoever destroys or forcibly takes "articles of ppublic or private property";"whoever, by violence or other methods, including the use of 'big character posters' and 'small character posters'","publicly insults another person or fabricates facts to defame him, if the circumstances are serious";"whoever, for the purpose of counterrevolution," incites "the masses to resist or sabotage the implementation of the state's laws or decrees" or propagandizes for and incites "the overthrow of the political power of the dictatorship of the proletariat and the socialist system through counterrevolutionary slogans, leaflets or by other means" and commits a crime in violation of the Criminal Law shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

因'打砸抢'致人伤残、死亡的"，"毁坏或者抢走公私财物的"；"以暴力或者其他方法，包括用'大字报'、'小字报'，公然侮辱他人或者捏造事实诽谤他人，情节严重的"；"以反革命为目的"，"煽动群众抗拒、破坏国家法律、法令实施的"，"以反革命标语、传单或者其他方法宣传煽动推翻无产阶级专政的政权和社会主义制度的，都是触犯刑律的犯罪行为，都要依法追究法律责任。

Civil Society ; Political state ; Civil law ; Interfluve between public and private law ; Economic state ; Economic law ; Interject of public and private law ; Reform of public management

市民社会；政治国家；民法；公私法分野；经济国家；经济法；公私法融合；公共管理改革

Based on systematical research of general theory of public law and deep reflection on the historical development of Chinese public law, the author explores the theoretical basis and institutional framework of constructing and perfecting the system of public law with Chinese characteristics in order to further push forward and deepen the reforms of political and economic structure and to search for a best path towards society ruled by law and modernized country.

在对公法一般理论进行系统研究和对中国公法历史发展进行深刻反思的基础上，探讨建构与完善有中国特色的公法制度的理论基础与制度架构，以期进一步推动和深化政治经济体制改革，并力图探寻一条通向社会与现代化国家的最捷路径。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，"国家"代替"帝国"，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

In the inability routinely to enforce fundamental law against genuine violation, in the absence of any need for its authoritative exposition short of the genuine violation, and in the inappropriateness of judicial resolution of political controversy, it was never contemplated until far into the ninteenth century that fundamental law was included in that law for which it is the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is.

在无法按惯常方式对真正的侵犯实施基本法的地方；在不需要对实质侵犯的缺乏做出其权威解释的地方；在司法判决对政治争论不适当的地方，基本法都绝不介入。直到19世纪，基本法才被纳入某种法律轨道，其中司法机构的职责范围就是确定法律到底是什么。

The introduction first briefly reviews Western Europe\'s universal order of "recht" in middle ages: As independent political units, the city, the manor, the church parish, the ligeance and so on were set in a rank order, the relations between each rank were established in legal form, empire represented the highest rank, and simultaneously played an arbitrator\'s role, was the arbitrator of political units subordinated to the emperor. All of these ranks were placed in natural order created by God, thus, the Christianity religious doctrine had provided the final validity for the universal legal orders; then the symbiotic of the political evolution and the legal transformation will be discussed. Western jurisprudence resided in the Church during the middle Ages, after entering into modern era, resorted to the state."State" instead of "empire" became the basic concept of modem law, and new order of "recht" was bound to make legitimate argumentation for the nation; finally, the background and sketches of this article is explained. It will trace and analyze intrinsic evolution of the idea of legal order in the background of concrete politics--especially the geopolitics, inspects how the different nation-states split up from universal Christianly world and obtain their independence, inspecting differences of respective national path, the fit or unfit quality and the success or failure in this process.

导论首先简要回顾西欧中世纪大一统的法权秩序：作为独立政治单元的各城市、庄园、教区、领地等被镶嵌在一个等级秩序中，各个等级之间以法律的形式来确立相互之间的关系，帝国代表最高等级，同时扮演仲裁人的角色，是臣属其下的各个政治单元之间的仲裁者，而帝国等级又被安置在上帝创造的自然秩序中，因而，是基督教教义为大一统的法权秩序提供了最终的合法性；接着指出西欧政治演变与法权变革的共生性：西方法学在中世纪寄身于教会之中，进入近代以后则投靠了国家，&国家&代替&帝国&，成为近代法学构造的基本概念，新的法权秩序必然围绕民族国家展开；最后说明本文的论述方式和基本思路：本文将在具体的政治——特别是地缘政治——的背景中，追踪和解析法权观念的内在演变，由此进一步****不同民族国家内、异质的法权秩序如何从过去大一统的世界中分化剥离并获得独立，并试图检讨这一过程中不同民族道路的差异、优劣和得失。

The whole Party pitching in and taking charge of this work.(9) setting typical examples for people to follow them. In chapter 4, the author suggests that ideological and political work is our Party"s "lifeline" and "central link, which must be carried forward and brought forth new ideas. According to such new situations and cases as the diversity of social life, the globalization of economy and information, the new struggle situation in the ideological sphere and so on. ideological and political work needs new ideas, and the work must adhere to the major principles as follows:(1) To correctly deal with the relationship of strengthening and improvement succession and innovation as well as creatively carrying out work based on strengthening and carrying forward.(2) To respect the mass initial creation spirit, further consolidate the consciousness of practice and unceasingly sum up and spread the new experiences of ideological and political work.(3) To adhere to realities, master the law and intensify the aim.(4) To make use of modem scientific technology and results of social science.(5) Under the premise of insisting on the above principles, to forcefully bring forth new ideas into ideologic

在第四章中，笔者提出思想政治工作是我党的&生命线&和&中心环节&，必须继承和发扬这一优良传统；新的形势和新的情况，如社会生活的多样性、经济和信息的全球化、思想领域斗争的新形势等，要求思想政治工作必须创新；思想政治工作创新必须坚持以下主要原则：必须正确处理好加强和改进、继承与创新的关系，在加强和继承的基础上创造性地开展工作；必须充分尊重群众的首创精神，进一步强化实践意识，不断总结推广思想政治工作的新经验；必须贴近现实、把握规一津、增强针对性：必须应用现代科学技术和社会科学的发展成果；在坚持以上原则的前提下，新时期思想政治工作必须在观念和思路、内容和载体、方法和手段以及制度方面予以重大创新。

In order to realize its own professional target of providing deeper and better legal service to clients , ChengGao Law Firm consociates with the Southwestern University of Finance and Economics and the Southwest University of Political Science and Law. On one hand, our law firm becomes the practice base for the two universities on the other hand, the two universities turn into strong theoretical backings of our firm, provide us with professional legal theoretical support in such field as finance, tax and company law, etc.

为实现自身的专业化目标，为客户提供更深、更优法律服务，成高律师事务所与西南财经大学、西南政法大学强强联合，一方面成高律师事务所作为两所高等学府的挂牌人才实习基地，为学校培养实践性人才，另一方面，两所高等学府成为成高律师事务所强大的理论后盾，为成高律师事务所提供金融、财税、公司等专业法律理论支撑。

Political participation ; political harmony ; ruly by law ; political democracy

政治参与；政治稳定；法治社会；政治民主

political participation ; political harmony ; ruly by law ; political democracy

一、政治参与对政治稳定的具体价值政治参与又称民主参与，它是指公民通

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。