查询词典 political law

From the management aim made by the form of managing with law in Ming Hui Code, to the thought of severe punishment in Ming Great Law and Ming Great Admonition, to the proper adjust of lawmaking suited to the society and treating the official clemently, we can see that Ming Dynasty racks the minds scheming the methods of managing the officials .But corruption was the appraisal of Ming Dynasty of afterworld . During the whole period of Ming Dynasty especially the later stage , corruption was widely. The political factor and culture factor were the most important reason .Value view of government behalf incorporation .Economical behalf is obtained not by economical means ,but by political ones, which is not a,normal state .

从《明会典》以行政法典的形式来确立吏治目标，到《大明律》、《明大诰》重典治吏思想的提出，到明中后期《问刑条例》因时立法、情法适中、宽厚待吏的适时调整，明代统治集团在整肃吏治上可谓费尽心机，但腐败始终被后人看作明代官场的最后鉴定，整个明代尤其是中后期，贪风日盛、贿赂公行，究其原因，社会总体机制下制度性因素和文化因素是最根本的，那就是中国传统的官利一体化的价值观，当官与发财是划等号的，经济利益不是通过经济方式而是通过政治方式来解决，这本身就是一种不正常的社会状态。

Politics,Culture and technology are the social factors to advance economy,but the protruding problem existing in our society is the indistinctive limits and disorder functions of market economy,political law and ethics.

我国当今社会发展存在的一个突出问题就是市场经济、政治法律和伦理道德这三种制度之间界限不明、功能混乱、制衡较差。

After morals norm becomes independent social consciousness appearance, on the other hand together political norm, law norm, religious norm keep both and on the other hand again permeate politics, law, religion of composition, with this correspond, west of morals education, on the other hand independently come out from the social consciousness education, educate with political, legal system education, religion education mutually proceed together, permeate on the other hand and inevitably politics, law, religious educational composition.

道德规范成为独立的社会意识形态后，一方面同政治规范、法律规范、宗教规范并存，另一方面又渗透着政治、法律、宗教的成分，与此相应，西方的道德教育，一方面从社会意识教育中独立出来，与政治教育、法制教育、宗教教育相互并行，另一方面又不可避免地渗透着政治、法律、宗教教育的成分。

In "The Law of Peoples," Rawls maintains that a notion of international toleration can be advanced a world where nation-states typically embrace diverse conceptions of political legitimacy and social justice. International toleration, in Rawls's view, is not just a modus vivendi.

在＜ The Law of Peoples ＞一文中，罗尔斯主张，自由主义者也能为我们所处世界里的国际关系提出一项国际宽容的理论，其中常见的的情况是，不同的国家常对政治合法性及社会正义有不同的看法。

The social level structure is defined from its basic conception, in-depth meaning and characteristics. The term refers to a functional being and social reality, a unity of physical space and value space as well as connectional and theoretical existence. Viewed from the perspective of political philosophy, the social level structure is a political sovereignty grading or ladder in a state who values the supremacy of sovereignty, penetrating into economic, cultural and social fields, universally forming social relationship. Based on general social structure, social system and political sovereignty, the social level structure is an abstractly summary of social hierarchy which is neither a copy of political structure nor simply addition of economic, cultural and social structure. The social level structure is long hidden but universally existing, deeply affecting and shaping social system, people's life and thinking. Based on the above, the thesis probes the social foundation, evolutional law, fundamental quality, running mechanism, historical function, current significant and the reform necessity.

从社会层级结构概念的基本规定、深层意蕴和性状表现三个方面界定社会层级结构概念，认为社会层级结构既是一种实体性存在和社会现实，也是一种观念性存在和理论构造，是物理空间和意义空间的统一；从政治哲学视野，社会层级结构是在政治国家内部按照权力至上的方式形成的权力级别或权力阶梯，并渗透到经济、文化、社会领域，形成具有普遍性的社会关系体系；它以总体社会结构为依托，以社会制度为外化，以政治权力为中轴；它既不是政治结构的翻版，不是社会阶层结构的别名，也不是经济、文化、社会结构的简单叠加，而是对它们层级性的一种抽象和概括；这种结构长期隐而不显，但却无处不在、无时不有，深深地影响和牢牢地控制着社会制度、人的生活和人的思维方式。

For over half a century, on the lawmaking layer of the fundamental law, India gets rid of religion entirely, and establishes democracy system, which has been pushed for sure. In the lawmaking of the crime law and the civil law, on the whole, fulfill the construction of amending or reenacting law system, according to the modern criterion of the occident law system. In the lawmaking of personal relation, though still take on myriad tint of religion, yet by comparison with the Indian society before independent, it has made a huge progress, which is the successful part of the secularization. However, still some deficiency, such as a majority of Indian citizens have dotty law ideas, in the political and legal system can't get rid of religion thoroughly, the legal applicability of the judicial branch is still at the mercy of the religious power, which incarnate the bugs of the secularization.

半个多世纪以来，印度国家在根本大法的立法层面上完全脱离宗教影响的情况下确立了民主政治制度，并已得到确实推行；在刑事、民事立法中，基本上完成了按照西方现代法制的要求而进行了修改或重新制定的法律体系的建设过程；在人身关系立法方面，虽然仍有着种种的宗教色彩，但与独立前的印度社会相比较，已经有了长足的进步，这些都是印度法律世俗化的成功之处，但其中也不足，主要是印度大多数国民的法律观念仍然淡薄，政治法律制度上仍未能完全摆脱宗教的影响，司法部门的法律适用仍受宗教势力所左右等方面，都体现出印度法律世俗化的缺陷。

Viewing from the angle of forming course and forming mechanism of legalorder,the principal factors,which hinder the build of socialist country un-der the rule of law,may be summed up as follows.Some law lack of reason-ability,which show benefits distribution unreasonable,right protection un-equal,institution offering unbalanced.Laws are short of coercive power,centrally embodied in the phenomenon of'soft regime',both resulting fromobject factors that material conditions what exercising law needs are insuffi-cient and political system is unreasonable,and subjective factors of belief inthe rule of law being blunt,and corruption and degeneration.Non—legalmechanism is imperfect,unable to efficiently fill up the'blind area'and'gray field'of law,and strongly sustain the function of law.There are manydetect in formal aspect of law,among which the most important is that legalprocedure and procedural elements are incomplete.

从法律秩序的形成过程与形成机制的角度看，我国社会主义法治建设的主要障碍因素可归纳为以下几个方面：一些法律缺乏合理性，具体表现有利益分配不合理、权利保护不平等、制度供给不均衡；法律缺乏强制力，集中表现在&软政权&现象上，有执法的物质保障不充足和政治体制不合理等客观因素，也有法治观念淡薄、贪污腐化等主观原因；非法律机制不健全，不能有效地填充法律的&盲区&和&灰色地带&，并有力地支持法律的运行；在法律的形式方面存在诸多弊端，其中至关重要的是法律程序不健全，法律条文的程序要件不完备。

With a sharp political mind, rational and historical attitude, national political systems as the basis and political philosophy as his basic theory, Montesquieu put forward a profound concept of separating the political power to a balanceable state according to his deep grasp of the law of social development and the succeeded thought of his predecessors.

孟德斯鸠以他敏锐的政治头脑、理性主义和历史主义的态度，以各国政治制度为依据和政治哲学为基本思想，在深刻把握社会发展规律和继承前人思想的基础上，创造性地提出了影响人类的分权制衡思想。

Most people think you have to major in pre-law, English, or political science in order to get into law school.

很多人认为如果你想入读法学院，之前你就必须选择初级法学（ pre － law ），英语或是政治科学作为专业。

Political Law;Balance;Rousseau;Popular Sovereignty

政治法；平衡；卢梭；人民主权

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。