查询词典 political economics

ABSTRACT: From the views of urban economics, urban sociology, political economics, anthropogeography, and urban planning and urban design, this paper attempts to generalize the research literature on "urban spatial expansion", and to find a theoretic relationship between urban expansion and its influential factors.

针对"城市空间扩展"的研究，本文尝试从城市经济学、城市社会学、政治经济学、人文地理学和规划设计学等几个视角分别概括和归纳国内外城市研究者的相关成果，为在连续的时空背景下全面综合地认识城市发展条件和影响因素提供必要的理论联系。

However, there is an essential difference between Marxist political economics and the capital theory in the classical economics.

马克思主义政治经济学是在批判地继承其前人尤其是古典政治经济学的基础上建立起来的，其资本一般理论更是如此。

There are two absolute converse attitudes about sustained development of social economic among the classis economist, one is Adam Smith as the delegation of pessimist, the other is Malthus as the delegation of pessimist. Marx and Engles developed the continuous development by summarizing others' thinking, but the next economists discarded the theory of Marx after October Liberation in Russia and Chinese Liberation got success. Serious fact tells us: Political economics can't discard the concept of sustained development which the basic theory in political economics.

古典经济学家对社会经济的可持续性问题存在着两种截然不同的看法，一种是以亚当斯密为代表的乐观派，一种是以马尔萨斯为代表的悲观派；马克思、恩格斯在总结前人思想的基础上，发展了可持续发展思想；但是，苏联十月革命胜利和中国革命胜利后的政治经济学却舍弃了马克思恩格斯的这些思想；严酷的现实告诉我们，政治经济学不能抛弃可持续发展观念，可持续发展应当是政治经济学的一个基本思想。

This is contrary to the western tradition that regards the hypotheses of human nature as the point of departure of argument. Marxist political philosophy has benefited from a philosophy-the humanities reform. Starting with criticism against the Young Hegelianism; Marx pushed forward political philosophy to a highest level through philosophical criticism in political economics, establishment of communist theories, and studies of anthropology.

与传统西方政治哲学以人性假设为思辨起点不同，马克思政治哲学得益于哲学一人学变革，以对青年黑格尔派的批判为契机，通过政治经济学视域的哲学批判、共产主义理论的确立及人类学研究，马克思将政治哲学发展到前所未有的高度。

This paper uses the neo-political economics method to analyze the strategic choice of foreign exchange rate regime. Taken China's economic situation into consideration, we built a theoretical and a Probit empirical model on optimal exchange rate regime. This is instructive to Chinese government on how to realize the established objectives by setting an optimal exchange rate regime on the stage of the world economics.

本文利用汇率制度战略选择的新政治经济学的方法，结合中国经济发展的现状和Probit经验分析的结果，提出了最优汇率制度选择的理论依据，这对我国政府如何在世界经济的舞台上通过确立最优的汇率制度，进而实现既定的政策目标有着积极的指导意义。

Although the labor theory of value and the surplus theory of value in classical political economics of capitalist class and in Marxist political economy involve the relevant theories of the human resource, the most penetrating, direct and solid theoretical foundation of it is the human capital investment theory put forward by an American economist named Theodore.

虽然资产阶级古典政治经济学和马克思主义政治经济学中的劳动价值理论和剩余价值理论，都涉及到了人力资源价值评估，但人力资源价值评估最深刻、最直接、最坚实的理论基础还是美国经济学家西奥多·W·舒尔茨在1960年提出的人力资本投资理论。

The rationality and justness of private enforcement have also been sustained by the political economics, law and economics and the Private Attorneys General theory.

政治经济学从解决&政府失败&问题的需求、法律经济学从法律实施的成本收益分析、英美法学研究从&私人总检察长&理论的角度，均对私人实施法律的合理性与正当性提供了学理支撑。

In the academic circle of political economics, it has been a controversy whether services has value. And now another problem has been raised-on the one hand, the value of labor in services is admitted, while on the other hand, the value of labor in business and bank is denied-which breaks the consistency of the value of service labor in the "political economics" system.

在政治经济学理论界，服务产品是否具有价值的争议尚未了，另一矛盾又普遍出现，即一边承认服务劳动的价值创造性，一边却仍否认商业劳动和银行劳动的价值创造性，使服务劳动的价值创造性在政治经济学体系中无法保持连贯性和一致性。

Sismondi becomes the pioneer of humanistic economics because he puts political economics into the framework of ethics again, and his concern on the happiness of people.

正因为西斯蒙第关心人的最终幸福，把政治经济学重新纳入伦理学的大框架下，从而成为人本主义经济学的先驱。

Therefore, Sismondi made critics on such kind of Laissez-Faire and its theories, and he proposes that we should put research emphasis of economics on increasing the welfare of people. On the one hand, he puts consumption to the primary status, and he believes that the purpose of production is consumption; on the other hand, he regards income distribution or distribution problem as the core of the research on political economics.

为此，西斯蒙第对这种自由放任政策及其理论进行批判，并重新把经济学的研究转换到提高人的福利这一途径上来：一方面，他把消费提到首要地位，强调生产是为了消费；另一方面，他把收入分配或分配问题作为政治经济学的研究中心。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。