查询词典 plasma membrane

From the point view of product distribution, conversion of dimethyl ether and energy consumption, with RCD plasma DME conversion was higher and was hardly affected by the residence time of dimethyl ether, and hydrogen, carbon monoxide and unsaturated hydrocarbons with RCD plasma were more than those with DBD plasma.There was no liquid product with RCD plasma, but the liquid product obtained with DBD plasma consisted of aldehydes, alcohols and methoxy-containing organic compounds, for instance, formaldehyde, methyl alcohol, dimethoxy ethane and so on.Moreover, most compositions of liquid product were methoxy-containing compounds, and the liquid product selectivity was as high as 32.23%.However, energy consumption for the reaction with DBD plasma was more than that with RCD plasma.

从产物分布、转化率及能耗上看，利用RCD所获得的二甲醚的转化率高，几乎不受二甲醚停留时间的影响，且氢气、一氧化碳和不饱和烃的含量大，几乎没有液相产物，而利用DBD能获得较多的液相产物，包括一些醇、醛和含有甲氧基的有机化合物，如甲醛、甲醇和二甲氧基乙烷，且大部分组成都是含有甲氧基的化合物，液相产物的选择性高达32.23％，但是能耗较大。

Grew on the normal temperature, it was shown that the deposits of calcium antimonate being the indicator for Ca(superscript 2+) localization mainly concentrated within the vacuoles and intercellular spaces and there was also some Ca(superscript 2+) deposits in cell walls. But when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 48 h, the level of Ca(superscript 2+) increased in cytoplasm and plasma membrane, but decreased in vacuoles and intercellular spaces considerably. At the same time, the ultrastructure of chloroplasts suffered from chilling: the membrane of chloroplasts had been damaged, the layer of thylakoids was exiguous and unclear, the photosynthetic rate decreased evidently. And when Garyota urens L. was treated by the temperature of 2℃ for 120 h, the deposits of Ca(superscript 2+) mainly concentrated within the cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane and there was also some Ca(superscript 2+) deposits in vacuoles, and the ultrastructure of some cells was simultaneously damaged severely: Chloroplasts structure, vacuole membrane and nuclear membrane had been damaged fully, the structure within the cell had become unclear, and the cell only have respiration.

研究结果表明，未经低温处理的董棕幼苗叶肉细胞，焦锑酸钙沉淀颗粒大量出现在液泡和细胞间隙中，细胞壁中也可见少量沉淀，而细胞基质中则看不到焦锑酸钙沉淀；经2℃ 48 h低温处理后，细胞基质和细胞膜上焦锑酸钙沉淀增加，而液泡和细胞间隙中的焦锑酸钙沉淀则显著减少，并且超微结构已初步显示出寒害的特徵，叶绿体外膜部分破损，类囊体片层稀疏且排列不规则，光合速率明显下降等；经2℃ 120 h低温处理后，细胞间隙内的焦锑酸钙沉淀极少，有的也紧贴在细胞外壁上，而细胞基质和细胞膜上则分布有非常多的焦锑酸钙沉淀，在核基质和液泡中也可见到少量的焦锑酸钙沉淀，并且超微结构遭到了显著破坏，叶绿体结构完全被破坏，核膜与液泡膜严重破损，内部结构模糊，细胞只表现为呼吸作用，不进行光合作用。

The plasma ignition threshold of metal is got through experimental and numerical study. The vapour and plasma ignition times of the target are got based on the equation of heat conduction and cascade model. We suppose that the plasma is ignited when generations of new electrons are born in vapour generation time. The influence of temperature on the thermodynamics and optics parameters of material also have been considered in the model. The resulting theory has good agreement with the experiment and overseas report. A blade method to measure the laser spot is given in this paper with validation and error analysis. The plasma threshold of metals in atmosphere and water ambients both are diagnosed with the light deflection and piezoelectric transducer. A Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser operating at infrared (1064nm), visible(532nm) and ultraviolet (355nm) wavelengths has been used. Al、Fe、Cu are used as targets and get a similar results with both method. Theoretical and experimental analyses are applied on the influence of wavelength on the threshold have been done, both of which have shown that the plasma threshold of metals decrease as the laser wavelength increases; The plasma threshold of metals are higher in water than in air and the pressure of the shock wave in water is five times higher than in air .

从热传导方程和雪崩电离机制出发，假设当电子增值210倍时，考虑了温度对材料热力学和光学参数的影响时，得到了气化和等离子体点燃的时间，利用该模型进行计算得到的结果与国内外报道及自行通过实验测得的阈值基本一致；提出了利用刀刃法测量激光光斑面积的方法，并通过实验进行了验证和误差分析；利用光偏转装置和压电换能器分别对空气和水中金属等离子体点燃阈值进行了实验诊断，激光器均为调Q－YAG激光器（波长1064nm，532nm，355nm，脉宽10ns），靶材分别为Al、Fe和Cu，两种测试方法得到的等离子体点燃阈值基本一致；本文从实验和理论计算两个方面讨论了波长对等离子体点燃阈值的影响，均得到了等离子体点燃阈值随著波长的增加而减小的结论；对空气中和水中不同环境下金属等离子体的点燃阈值进行了比较研究，得到了金属在水中的等离子体点燃阈值比空气中的大，且水中产生的冲击波的压强是空气中的5倍左右的结论。

Consequently the beam transmission problem is solved well. The general design curves of microwave plasma drift tube are developed by the theory and they can be used for development of the plasma microwave devices. Ion channel, as a important phenomenon in the interaction between electron beam and plasma, is first introduced into the study of PASOTRON, to replace the concept'plasma channel'used in general plasma microwave devices. A model is created to describe the channel performance. The channel is not stable, it is oscillatory and the oscillation frequency is larger than that of plasma.

作为电子束与等离子体相互作用的一个重要现象，本文首次将离子通道的概念引入到了PASOTRON的研究中，以区别常规的等离子体通道概念，并通过建立的模型推出离子通道并非一稳定规则的通道，而是具有振荡特性，振荡频率高于等离子体频率，推出了当满足一定条件时束外可能没有电子而成为纯的离子通道，这种状态对微波器件有重要的价值。

Protease treatment of the plasma membranes could abolish the binding but NaIO_4 and glycosidase could not, indicating that nsLTP144 bound to plasma membranes protein without carbohydrate moiety. Using the homobifunctional cross-linking regent bissuberate (BS~3) and rice plasma membranes incubated with ~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144, we identified, after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, a putative protein receptor on the rice plasma membranes with the molecular mass around 60 kDa. NsLTP144 can not trigger extracelluar alkalization in arabidopsis, but can abolish the extracellular alkalization effect of phytopathogen elicitor cryptogein, suggesting that cryptogein and nsLTP144 may bind to the same membrane protein. In vitro pull-down assay showed that nsLTP144 interacted with OsCaM1, a possible extracellular calmodulin, implying that nsLTP144 and OsCaM1 could function in the same signal transduction pathway. These results shed light on revealing the roles of nsLTP in vivo and make it promising to finally characterize the plasma membranes receptor of nsLTP.

发现~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP144、~(125)I-Trx-nsLTP110与水稻细胞质膜均具有特异性结合，而且结合是饱和性的、可被竞争的，符合配体-受体结合的典型特征，同时用于对照实验的蛋白质~(125)I-Thioredoxin没有此特性，表明水稻细胞质膜上存在nsLTP的受体；利用可氧化糖基的NaIO_4和水解糖基的N\'-糖苷酶F处理水稻细胞质膜，再进行结合实验，结合活性几乎不受影响；而利用胰蛋白酶处理细胞膜则使得结合能力几乎完全丧失，表明其受体为没有经过糖基化修饰的蛋白质；利用交联剂BS~3交联配体一受体后，再进行SDS-PAGE分离和放射自显影，结果显示水稻细胞质膜上的nsLTP受体中有一个60kDa的蛋白质可以与nsLTP144发生特异性的结合，可能是其受体；细胞外碱化实验表明，nsLTP144不能促使拟南芥原生质体细胞培养液的细胞外碱化反应，却能猝灭来自植物病原菌的激发子Cryptogein刺激拟南芥原生质体产生的细胞外碱化反应，表明nsLTP和Cryptogein结合细胞膜上相同的位点，保护了植物细胞免受Cryptogein导致的细胞程序性死亡，并诱导系统获得性抗性的产生；体外Pull-down实验表明，nsLTP144和水稻的OsCaM1具有相互作用，暗示了nsLTP144和OsCaM1可能同在一个信号通路上起作用。

In accordance with increasing concentrations of Ca~(2+), Ca~(2+)-ATPase and H~+-ATPase activity in plasma membrane and tonoplast of cucumber root were increased significantly at first, then decreased slightly later; H~+-ATPase activity in plasma membrane and tonoplast of cucumber leaf was changed unremarkably; Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity in plasma membrane and tonoplast of cucumber leaf was increased significantly at first, then decreased slightly later.

低温下，随Ca~(2+)浓度的升高根中质膜和液泡膜Ca~(2+)-ATP酶和H~+-ATP酶活性及叶片中质膜和液泡膜Ca~(2+)-ATP酶活性先升高后下降，叶片中质膜和液泡膜H~+-ATP酶活性无显著变化，说明适当增加营养液中Ca~(2+)浓度后，可提高ATP酶的活性减轻低温伤害。

The results show:(1) In testis, PNA receptors sites were firstly observed in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane of primary spermatocyte, and greatly increased in the plasma membrane of second spermatocyte, then decreased and were accumulated in the tail of the round spermatid. The same reaction was observed in sperms of testis and spermatheca, which shows stronger reaction in head and weaker in tail. A universal dyeing was observed on the plasma membrane of sertoli cells.

结果表明：(1)在中华蚱蜢的精子发生中，PNA受体是由初级精母细胞合成，然后转移到膜上，在次级精母细胞，由于量的积累其质膜出现了强阳性标记；从早期精子细胞到成熟精子时期糖蛋白的分布发生了明显的修饰变化，这些变化与精子获得与卵子进行识别、粘附、结合等受精能力密切相关：受精囊内与精巢内的精子表面的标记是相同的，说明质膜糖蛋白的修饰作用在精巢内就已完成。

Plasma membrane infolding occurred after pretreatment and low temperature stress, one new structure looked like vacuole was recognized between plasma membrane and cytoderm, the emergence of that phenomena maybe concern with plasma membrane infolding and vacuole.

在胁迫过程对照植株光合速率的下降是由非气孔因素引起；锻炼植株光合速率的下降在胁迫的前两天是由气孔因素引起，在胁迫的第三和第四天是由非气孔因素引起。这也从另一个角度证明了低温锻炼提高了植物的抗寒性。

The results indicated that the use of such membrane could achieve satisfactory separation effects (condensate of high alcoholicity and rich flavoring substances was obtained, membrane-flowing rate: ethanol＞esters except ethyl lactate＞aldehyde＞other alcohol＞water), the membrane had good selectivity to ethanol and ethyl caproate had good membrane-flowing rate and membrane-passing percentage, however, ethyl lactate, aldehyde and methanol had poor mambrane-passing percentage with heavy loss during membrane-passing.

结果表明，渗透汽化膜有良好的分离性能，可得到高酒精度、香味物质富集的冷凝液；过膜速率：乙醇＞酯类＞醛类＞其他醇类＞水；膜对乙醇选择性好，己酸乙酯的过膜率及过膜速率高；乳酸乙酯、醛类及甲醇过膜率较小、损失量较大；渗透汽化膜用于白酒的香气成分分离有良好的工业应用前景。

But when the cholesterol was substituted by its oxide result, the membrane life time extended to nearly 60 hrs ;besides the diameter of the hole on which the membrane exists 、temperature、PH value cause great effects to the life time of the membrane, and the diameter was the most important element. When the diameter larger than 3mm it is almost no way to form a membrane on the hole under experiment condition. Between 1mm and 3mm it has a better result by change the prescription of the membrane. when it is 0.5mm all the membrane can last more than 40 hrs ,and the prescription like Och : phosphatidylcholine / cephalin＝4:1; 3:1; 2:1; 1:1; 2:3 need the request of the experiment basically, when cooperate with multi hole structure it is very to detect the concentration and found the model.

研究结果说明，成膜在普通胆固醇/磷脂配方下不能达到满意的结果，无论如何改变外界条件成膜始终超不过7小时，而将胆固醇换成氧化胆固醇再和磷脂按照一定配比的时候，成膜时间则大大延长，可达60h左右；另外除成膜配方，成膜孔径、温度、PH值等因素对成膜有着很重要的影响，成膜孔径对膜的影响最为关键，在3mm以上的孔径时成膜比较困难，在1－3mm适当提高成膜液浓度可以改善，孔径为0.5mm左右成膜比较稳定基本都能达到40h以上，合适的几个配方如卵/脑磷脂：氧化胆固醇＝4：1；3：1；2：1；1：1；2：3基本满足实验要求，配合一板多孔结构，可以保证单位时间的离子传输量的检测和计算。

More direct, directer ; most direct, directest

径直的，笔直的

Do you know how to use a chain saw?

你知道如何使用链锯吗？