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By means of measurements of mechanical and electrical properties, metallographical and transmission electron microscope observation, X-ray diffraction and selected diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum, the phase transformation process of Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy and the relation between its microstructure and properties were studied.

本文利用力学与电学性能测试，金相与透射电镜观祭，X-射线衍射与选区电子衍射分析，扫描电镜和能谱分析等方法对Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金的相变过程以及合金的组织结构与性能之间的关系进行了研究。

Surface waxes of the pericarp were observed by scanning electron microscopy; the structure and composition of cell wall were studied using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy respectively; the changes of calcium in the cell wall were determined by atomic absorption and the integrity of cell membrane by conductivity meter respectively.

本论文采用扫描电子显微镜研究果实表皮蜡层的变化，用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究果实细胞壁结构和成分的变化，用原子吸收分光光度计测定细胞壁钙离子的变化，用电导率仪检测果实细胞的完整性。同时测定了果实酚类物质含量、多酚氧化酶(EC 1.10.3.1)活性、过氧化物酶(EC 1.11.1.7)活性，并分析了果实硬度、糖和酸含量等品质指标。

Firstly, a series of organic molecules which use phthalimido group as electron acceptor, N as electron donor, COO~- as eletrofugal group were synthesized based on SET-promoted photocyclization processes. These compounds were irradiated by 500 W ultraviolet under nitrogen atmosphere in room temperature. After filtration of the photochemical character of these molecules, substrate S1 and S2 were selected as appropriate model reactants. Secondly, the monosubstituted derivatives at the 6-position ofβ-cyclodextrin were synthesized as chiral template of photocyclization.

首先，以单电子转移机理为指导，设计了一系列以邻苯二甲酰亚胺基为电子受体、N为电子给体、羧基为离去基团的光环合反应底物，这些化合物在氮气保护下以500瓦紫外光室温下进行光照反应，对这一系列的分子的反应情况进行了研究与筛选，最终选择底物S1和S2作为研究光环合反应中立体控制方法的模型底物；其次，又合成了一系列6-位单取代β-环糊精，以此作为光环合反应的手性模板。

The morphology, number of myelinated fibers and mean thickness of myelin sheath of regenerated nerves were observed by light microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope.

光镜、透射电镜和扫描电镜观察再生神经的形态结构、有做神经纤维数量、平均髓鞘厚度并进行统计学分析。

The distribution of acute virus necrobiotic disease virus in mantle, gill, hepatopancreas, kidney, intestine and muscle of scallop Chlamys farreri naturally diseased and artificially infected was detected by ultra thin section electron microscopic technique, negative staining electron microscopic technique and ELISA.

应用超薄切片、负染电镜技术以及ELISA对自然发病和人工感染发病的栉孔扇贝之外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺、肾、肠、及闭壳肌等主要器官急性病毒性坏死症(AcuteVirusNecrobioticDisease，AVND)病毒的感染状况进行了研究。

The possible mechanism was discussed. These bowl-shaped aggregates are promising candidates for nano reactor or drug carrier.4 2,7-dimethylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[4, 4]nonane with two vinyls was prepared to be used as electron-donor and crosslinker. The ATRP of this crosslinker and excess methylacrylate (used as electron-accpetor) was proved to mainly form homopolymers. With the chain-transfer agent S-1-Dodecyl-S\'-(α,α\'-dimethyl-α-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate, the copolymerization of the spiro hydrocarbon, maleic anhydride and MA by RAFT method produced star PMA.

这些由聚电解质复合物自组装形成的聚集体，在微反应器和药物释放等领域具有潜在的应用前景。4合成了双乙烯基的2，7-二亚甲基-1，4，6-三氧杂螺环烷，作为给电子单体和交联剂，与吸电子单体马来酸酐或过量的丙烯酸甲酯形成电荷转移络合物共同聚合，尝试了用ATRP和RAFT方法一步法合成星形聚合物。

Under illumination, methyl viologen was reduced by RS601 chromatophores in the presence of DCPIPH〓 as the electron donor, setting up a standard noncyclic electron transport.

在光照和以DCPIPH〓为电子供体条件下，RS601载色体能够串联呼吸电子传递链而耗氧或还原MV而构成DCPIPH〓→MV的非循环电子传递链。

The radial force balance equation for the self-electric field and self- magnetic field of the relativistic electron beam is used to calculate the angular rotation frequency of the relativistic electron beam propagating through the cylindrical wave guide filled with nonneutral plasmas.

首先利用相对论电子束的自电场与自磁场所产生的径向力平衡方程，计算出相对论电子束在稳态非中性等离子体填充的柱状波导中传输的转动频率。

Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,circular dichroism and small-angle X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the aggregation mode of CSG in the organogel phase.A hierarchical self-assembly model was proposed to explain the transition from molecular to primary and secondary structure.It is shown from our results that CSG can aggregate into a micellar fibril nanostructure with high length-to-width ratio which is bundled and entangled to form a three-dimensional(3D) network that immobilize the fluid component probably by surface tension.Moreover,sol-gel polymerization of tetraethoxysilane was carried out using CSG in the gel phase.

通过扫描电镜(ScanningElectron Microscopy，SEM)、透射电镜(Transmission Electron Microscopy，TEM)、圆二色谱(Circular Dichroism，CD)和小角X—射线衍射仪(Small-angle X-rayDiffraction，SAXRD)考察CSG分子自组装行为结果表明，CSG形成的聚集体具有多级结构：首先CSG通过手性堆叠自组装形成直径在9—10nm的细纳米纤维，这些细的纳米纤维再以不规则的六方堆积的方式进行排列，构成直径在40—100nm的粗纳米纤维(即细纳米纤维的&捆束&)，最后粗纳米纤维互相粘连形成三维网络状结构，使有机溶剂&固定&，从而形成凝胶；以CSG有机凝胶为模板，四乙氧基硅烷为前体，通过溶胶—凝胶聚合的方法制备了直径大约为100nm的二氧化硅纳米管。3。

Single-crystalline cerium orthovanadate (CeVO4) nanorods are synthesized successfully by Na2EDTA-assisted hydrothermal method. The products are characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and superconducting quantum interference device.

以Na2EDTA为模板导向剂，利用水热法成功合成了单晶CeVO4纳米棒，使用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜和超导量子磁强计等对产物的结构和磁学性能进行了表征。

Nowadays, most of research are to build a transmutative Petri Nets through adding controlling place sets, controlling arc sets and controlling policy to the basic Petri Nets, while the Controlled Petri Nets could be used to argue many controlling theory problems conveniently and to induce many logically and physically supervisory and solve the Event Feedback Controlling Problems and State Feedback Controlling Problem in DEDS supervisory theory.

目前大多数的研究表现为在变形后的受控Petri网基础上，利用各种方法求得各种逻辑型、结构型控制器，解决DEDS监控理论中的事件反馈控制问题与状态反馈控制问题。

On one hand, there are discussions with the works council and union about extension of short time working up to the end of September.

一方面，有讨论，工程理事会和联盟关于延长工作时间短至9月底。