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This paper summarizes the selection of key calculate parameters for example: anti - slide pile thrust, anti - slide pile position, pile spacing, pile anchor length, anchor cable pre - stressed value and so on are optimized after comparing the different calculation method, and stabilizing pile design frame process are described from scheme optimization till component design combine with the applications of slide slop protection engineering in Great Wall Coal Mine.

本文结合长城矿边坡加固工程，通过比较不同设计方法总结了关键计算参数，如：抗滑桩桩后推力，抗滑桩位置，桩间距，桩身锚固长度，锚索预应力值等的优化选取，编制了抗滑桩工程从方案优化至单个构件的完整计算步骤和设计框架流程，为同类预应力锚索抗滑桩工程设计提供了可靠的实用设计方法。

Based on the static balance among the pile and soil, the basic differential equations of the displacements of the pile and soil were deduced. Considering the compatibility condition of stress and strain , based on the vertical deformation of pile and pile-surrounding soil, the analytical formulas calculating the pile friction were drew.

本文通过建立复合地基中桩体和桩周土的基本微分方程，考虑应力协调条件，假设桩周土的位移模式，在此基础上推导出桩侧摩阻力和桩身轴力的解析式，并进一步研究相关影响因素。

The achievement that soil ultimate bear capacity heightened under pile caps due to barrier effect of piles gained from model test, and soil move around piles acquired from numerical simulation, its not only verified hypothesis of composite pile foundation nonlinear design theory, but have important reference value to the study of design theory and design method of composite pile foundation, which help to go deep into study of promote pile-soil-pile caps nonlinear interaction theory and composite pile foundation nonlinear design theory.

由模型试验得到的桩的遮拦作用对承台下土体极限承载力提高和数值模拟得到的土体绕桩流动等成果，不仅验证了

Accord-ing to engineering example,the load condition of pulling resistance pile design,pile capacity design of floatage resistance pile,pile body texture design of floatage resistance pile,monolithic stability of grouped piles foundation,floatage resistance per unit area,c...

依据工程实例对抗拔桩设计荷载条件、抗浮桩单桩承载力设计、抗浮桩桩身结构设计、群桩地基整体稳定性、单位面积抗浮力、抗拔桩抗裂分别进行了阐述，以及抗拔桩设计中应考虑的问题进行了论述。

The primary studying works and characteristics:1 To summarize reinforcing theory of cement mixing pile composite foundation2 To analyze the primary mechanics characters and changing rules of cement mixing pile, based on analysis of test data both indoor and outdoor.3 To discuss siding frictional resistance, ending resistance, ultimate bearing capacity of simple mixing pile and effectiveness factor of grouped piles, loading ratio of soil between piles under cushion cap of grouped piles and stress ratio of pile and soil and so on, and use many computation method and experimentation method to ensure bearing capacity of mixing piles composite foundation.4 To point out and analyze eight sides flaws and problems of the bearing capacity calculation method of mixing pile compositefoundation which ensured by national and normative method/ formula.5 To apply test results of loading tests and a few settlement observation data, use gray theory to predicate ultimate bearing capacity of deep mixing piles, actual example demonstrate engaging between theoretical predicted value and actual value.6 To apply groovy layerwise summation method to discuss entity piles method, double foundation method, equivalent layerwise summation method and consolidation theoretical method and so on, especially by combination of engineering example, use FEM to calculate or discuss the settlement and changing rules of composite foundation.7 To discuss problems of critical length of composite foundation by combination of engineering example and numerical analysis method, and analyze the contrast of critical length between simple pile load and most area load of composite foundation, not only critical length of composite foundation is relative to modulus ratio between piles and soil, but also upside load distribution area of composite foundation.

主要的研究工作与特色为：(1)总结了水泥搅拌桩复合地基的加固原理；(2)在对室内外试验资料进行统计分析的基础上，系统分析了搅拌桩水泥土的主要力学特性及其变化规律；(3)探讨了搅拌单桩的侧摩阻力、端阻力、极限承载力及群桩效率系数、群桩承台下桩间土荷载分担比及桩土应力比等，提出用多种计算方法并结合试验方法来综合确定搅拌桩复合地基的承载力；(4)明确指出和分析了按国家有关规范的方法确定搅拌桩复合地基承载力所存在的八个方面的缺陷与问题；(5)利用过去没有加载至破坏阶段的载荷试验成果和较少的沉降观测数据，尝试了用灰色理论预测深层搅拌桩的极限承载力，实例表明理论预测值与实测值吻合较好；(6)在常规分层总和法的基础上，探讨了复合地基沉降计算的实体墩基法、双层地基法、等效作用分层总和法、固结理论法等，特别是结合工程实例，用有限元数值计算等方法计算和讨论了搅拌桩复合地基的沉降及其变化规律；(7)结合工程实例，用数值分析方法探讨了复合地基临界桩长的问题，指出和分析了单桩荷载下的临界桩长与复合地基大面积荷载下的临界桩长存在很大的差别，复合地基的临界桩长不仅与桩土模量比有关，而且与复合地基上部荷载分布面积有关。

The findings indicate that, on the whole, the pattern of load transfer curves of adfreezing stress on a steel pipe pile stem and that of resistance stress on the pile tip are parabola and straight line, respectively; Due to the rheology effect, to different extent, adfreezing stress on the pile stem and resistance stress on the pile tip vary with time and relative displacement of pile-soil, respectively, and the settlement of pile tip varies with time tempestuously within 5 hours of loading, and then approximates to stability.

结果表明：模型钢管桩桩侧冻结力荷载传递函数曲线及桩端阻力荷载传递函数曲线其线状大致分别程抛物线及直线；由于流变效应的影响，桩侧冻结应力及端阻应力随时间有不同程度的变化；桩土相对位移和桩端下沉量开始5h内随时间变化较大，但加载5h后逐渐向稳定方向发展。

Based on practical cases and axial stress test of the long-short pile foundation of the same pile caps in the soft clay area, the deformation character of the long-short pile foundation and whole-long pile foundation under the geological condition which the strength of upperstratum is higher than the understratum when two or more layers are appeared in the soft clay area is analysed. Analysis also shows that both settlement and cost of the long-short pile foundation are less than those of the long pile foundation in this kind of ground.

摘要］通过工程实例和对同一承台下长短桩各断面的轴力量测，研究我国沿海城市具有两个或多个较硬的持力层的软土地区，当上持力层变形模量大于下持力层时，长短桩桩基与长桩桩基的变形性状机理，得出在该类地基中，长短桩桩基的沉降小于长桩桩基，且工程造价更低。

Model test shows that when raft is the principal bearing element, a single pile with cap has nearly the same behavior with a corresponding unpiled raft when subjected to vertical load. When the load acting on the pile cap exceeds the ultimate pile load, the pile carries less load than it's ultimate pile load. When the load exceeds 2 times of the ultimate pile load, pile is nearly at full capacity.

一、进行了室内模型试验，证明当以桩间土为主承担荷载时，带台单桩的荷载～沉降特性与天然地基上浅基础类似；当外荷载超过单桩极限承载力时单桩并不达到极限承载力，当外荷载超过2倍单桩极限承载力时桩顶反力才接近单桩极限承载力；此后加载台下单桩以接近极限承载力的状态继续承担外荷载。

The results indicate that when soil and pile are same, the shear stresses between pile and soil under the ultimate situations of different modes are different; the negative friction on pile induced by surcharge is maximum; and the negative friction of uplift pile is minimum; the friction of pile top induced by pressing pile and bottom-loaded pile is between them.

结果表明，同种土体和桩体条件下，各种模式达到极限状态时桩－土间剪切应力不同，堆载作用下负摩擦力值最大，抗拔桩负摩阻力值最小，桩顶受压桩、托桩的摩阻力值介于其间；桩材泊松比在0.15~0.35范围内时，桩侧摩阻力随泊松比的增大而增大。

3D effect is analyzed and the average velocity of wave propagating in the pile, which mainly influences inverse interpretation, is discussed. Finally, the theory results are verified by model experiment. It is shown that 3D results have the same phase with ID results. The pile radius, the duration of impulse, the ratio of hammer radius to pile radius and shear velocity of the soil around the pile have influences on 3D effect. The best position of receiver is 0.55R from the pile center. The average velocity of wave propagating in the pile reduces due to transversal inertia effect and 3D effect.

结果表明：三维曲线与一维结果在相位特征上一致；波场图直观地反映了波在桩中的传播规律；三维效应与桩径、激振脉冲宽度、相对激振半径及桩周土剪切波速有关；传感器放在0.55R处可以得到干扰较小的信号；三维效应和横向惯性效应的存在会使桩中的波速减小，土的性质对波速影响不大；反演精度与缺陷的性质、激振条件有关。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。