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Analysis of the secondary structure of ITS1 in Pectinidae: implications for phylogenetic reconstruction and structural evolution It is at present difficult to accurately position gaps in sequence alignment and to determine substructural homology in structure alignment when reconstructing phylogenies based on highly divergent sequences.

4栉孔扇贝与扇贝科其它7种扇贝ITS1二级结构的系统进化与结构进化分析目前，在序列比对过程中对缺口进行精确定位十分困难。

Pelobatidae is very importance in the phylogeny of anurans, but the phylogenetic relationships and taxology of this family (including subfamily, genus and subgenus )have yet produced long-time conflicting viewpoint among different researchers both domestic and abroad.

锄足蟾科在无尾两栖类的系统进化中处于极其重要的地位，长期来对该科各亚科、属、亚属的划分以及系统发育关系等问题，国内外学者尚存分歧意见。

Recent molecular phylogenetic work has confirmed that Pereskia, a genus that consists of 17 species of leafy shrubs and trees, is where the earliest cactus lineages began.

最近的分子分类遗传学研究工作证实了：仙人掌最早的家族成员名叫Pereskia，Pereskia是一种17个多叶的灌木合树种组成的属种。

Phasianus ; Chrysolopus ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Restriction map ; Molecular phylogenetic tree

雉鸡；锦鸡属；线粒休DNA ；限制性内切酶图谱；分子系统树

On PDA plate, colonies grow rapidly to 12.5~37.2 mm/21d, phialide discrete, arising solitary from the aerial mycelium, septated at the base or middle, hyaline, smooth, 14.9~23.2μm long, 1.9~3.1μm at base, tapering to less than 1.0 μm at tip; conidia hyaline, reniform to elliptical, bulk is (4.6~5.9)μm×(2.1~3.4)/lm. These morphological characteristics are significantly different from the well-described Neotyphodiurn species. Their phylogenetic relationship remains further researches.

ciliaris12株Neotyphodium属真菌为材料，详细研究了我国干旱地区Neotyphodium属真菌的形态学特征：在PDA平板上生长很快，21 d生长12.5~37.2 mm；分生孢子梗长14.9~23.2μm，基部宽1.9~3.1μm，顶端小于1μm，通常基部或近基部有隔膜；分生孢子无色透明，卵圆形或肾形，单个顶生，(4.6~5.9)μm×(2.1~3.4)μm，与其它已知Neotyphodium属真菌形态差异显著，需要进行更深入的研究。

Through the traditional physiological and biochemical method, together with the 16SrDNA sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis, the strains were identified. The result shows they belong to the genus photobacterium, but they differ from any species of this genus in some characteristic which suggests they might be new species, and their taxonomic placement needs more information on genes level.

对两株菌进行鉴定，分析其生理生化特征和16SrDNA产物序列，确定这两株菌均属于发光杆菌属，但是和该属的各种还有一定差异，对其分类地位的最后确定还需进一步的系统发育学分析。

Reconstruction of phylogenetic tree of organisms is one of the most important problems in evolution study.

重建系统演化树是进化研究的一个极为重要的方面。

This is the website of TreeBASE, which is a database of phylogenetic knowledge.

这是TreeBASE的网站。

In this paper, a strategy which combines cluster method and phylogenetic tree method was discussed to solve the problem.

本文试图通过结合聚类分析和进化树分析的方法以解决此问题。

Today, molecular data, which includes protein and DNA sequences, are used to construct phylogenetic trees.

今天，包括蛋白质和DNA序列的分子数据被用于构建系统进化树。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。