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Phylogenetic relationships of Dothideales and its allies were investigated based on analyses of nrDNA 18S (44 sequences of 31 species belonging to 20 genera) and 28S (41 sequences of 33 species belonging to 18 genera) partial sequences.

摘 要：本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28S nrDNA部分序列片段进行分析，探讨它们属间的系统学关系。

Phylogenetic relationships of Dothideales and its allies were investigated based on analyses of nrDNA 18S (44 sequences of 31 species belonging to 20 genera) and 28S (41 sequences of 33 species belonging to 18 genera) partial sequences.

本研究对座囊菌纲部分类群的18S和28S nrDNA部分序列片段进行分析，探讨它们属间的系统学关系。

Edwardsia sipunculoides is belong to the order Edwardsidae in being, however, it first assemble with species of Actiniidae in the same clade on the phylogenetic trees with 100% degree of confidence of branch, and not with the species of Edwardsidae.

星虫状海葵现有分类地位属于爱氏海葵科，但在上述两种分子聚类分析中，均较海葵科物种老年细指海葵更先归入海葵科聚支，其置信度在NJ和MP中分别高达到100%、99%的自引导值。

The phylogenetic trees reconstructed by MEGA based on the sequence data indicated that the 12 species referred here were divided into 3 groups: Dinodon rufozonatum and Sinonatrix annularis was the first group, Zaocys dhumnades and Ptyas korros the second group, and the genus Elaphe the third group which had a close relationship with the second one.

在此基础上用MEGA软件重建的系统发生树表明，研究的11种游蛇科蛇类可以分为3组：第一组为赤链蛇和水赤链游蛇，第二组为乌梢蛇和灰鼠蛇，第三组为锦蛇属的蛇，它们与第二组较近。

In addition, the human X-specific and Y-specific whole chromosome painting probes were hybridized onto metaphase spreads obtained from male of Elaphodus cephalophus.No signals were detected, which indicates the phylogenetic relationship between human and the tufted deer is not close.

分别用人X、Y染色体特异的整条染色体涂染探针，通过荧光原位杂交的方法，检测核型Ⅰ中是否存在与人X、Y染色体同源的片段，结果显示该毛冠鹿间期、中期细胞都呈阴性，提示可能毛冠鹿与人的亲缘关系较远。

Phylogenetic analysis using these sequences and published data in either separate or combined datasets indicate unstable relationship among the woolly mammoth and the two living elephants, Elephas and Loxodonta. we suggest that a high intra-specific diversity existed in Mammuthus primigenius.

结合基因库中所有的已经发表的猛犸象序列进行了分子系统学研究表明猛犸象与现存的亚洲象和非洲象谱系关系不稳定，提出了猛犸象可能具有较高的种内遗传分异性的观点。

Here, we examine the phylogenetic relationships of the Clemmys complex of the freshwater turtles using 985bp of the DNA encoding the mitochondrial genes ND4 and adjacent tRNAs gene. These data contain 235 parsimony informative characters that we use to erect hypotheses of relationships for the Geoemydidae and Emydinae turtles.

本文测定了四眼斑水龟和黄喉拟水龟线粒体基因组的ND4基因，用部分ND4基因及相邻tRNA基因共985bp的序列(包含简约信息位点235bp)讨论了它们的系统进化关系。

The phylogenetic relationships of Fagales were investigated by means of molecular systematics, which was based on six DNA sequences from three genomes, including chloroplast DNA trnL-F, matK, rbcL, and atpB, nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA, and mitochondrial gene matR.

本文采用来自三个基因组--叶绿体、线粒体和核基因组的六个DNA序列片段，对壳斗目的系统发育进行了重建，主要探讨了壳斗目八个科的科间系统演化关系及不同基因系统树间存在冲突的原因。

Phylogenetic analyses based on individual data sets indicated that all of the families of Fagales are monophyletic, but some of the deepest branches are unresolved or only weakly supported.

壳斗目的八个科分为三支：南青冈科Nothofagaceae是基部分支；壳斗科Fagaceae接着分出；核心高等金缕梅类(core&higher&hamamelids)聚为一支，这三支也都得到了强支持。

Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Accipitridae was closer to Strigidae instead of Falconidae, and the classification of Tytonidae was different from the previously morphological and DNA-DNA hybridization study.

系统发育分析显示，隼形目鹰科更接近于鸱鸮科而不是隼科，而草鸮科的分类地位也与传统的形态学和DNA－DNA杂交数据的结论存在分歧。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。