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Using "neighbor-joining" of Mega 2.1 software reconstructed the molecular Phylogenetic Tree, the results indicated Labeoninae fishes might not be monophyletic population, C.molitorella and E.bicolor of Labeoninae assembled together with Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus firstly, and formed sister group, then assembled together with C.mrigala and L.rohita , which suggested that C.molitorella was genetically more relative to Cyprinidae than Labeoninae.

用Mega 2.1软件的NJ法构建分子系统树，结果表明：野鲮亚科鱼类没有形成单系类群，野鲮亚科的鲮、角鱼与鲤亚科的鲤、鲫形成姐妹群，然后再与野鲮亚科的麦鲮和露斯塔野鲮聚在一起，说明鲮与鲤亚科鱼类具有较近的亲缘关系。

The RT-PCR product was inserted into pTG19-T vector and transformed into E. coli successfully. By blastn, the sequence results of Kunming mus musculus were in complete accordance with the conservative sequence of Genbank NR_003278 (791bp-1153bp). By Blastn in NCBI, the sequence with little difference among animals was confirmed to be conservative. After Blastn, fourteen complete CDS coding for different animals were chosen. According to VECTOR NIT 9.0 software, the similarities between Kunming mus musculus and bos taurus, homo sapiens, erinaceus europaeus, cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa, dasypus novemcinctus, rattus norvegicus, rabbit, equus caballus, macaca fascicularis, didelphis virginiana, monodelphis domestica and vombatus ursinus was 67%, 100%, 100%, 36%, 100%, 100%, 67%, 100%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 99% and 99%. In the phylogenetic tress constructed with the forteen 18S rRNA by Treeview, the Kunming mus musculus clustered with cricetulus griseus, sus scrofa and rabbit, which was nearer to cricetulus griseus and was most far away from macaca fascicularis.(3) After sencodary structure analyses of 18S rRNA of mus musculus, an oligonucleotide fragment for RNAi was designed and synthesized, which was transformed into plasmid, and restriction enzyme analyses and sequencing results should the expression plasmid pGPH1/ GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA were constructed for RNAi successfully.

结果①通过RT-PCR检测显示18S rRNA基因在小鼠卵巢组织和单个GV期、MⅠ期卵母细胞中均有表达，且在未成熟卵母细胞中，MⅠ期的表达明显强于GV期的表达；②RT-PCR产物克隆测序结果显示：昆明小鼠18S rRNA基因保守区序列与基因库序列[NR_003278保守区部分(791bp～1153bp)]完全一致；Blastn比对结果发现：在不同物种中差异较小，选出14种生物18S rRNA全序列经VECTOR NIT 9.0软件分析，提示昆明小鼠18SrRNA与牛、人类、刺猬、中国仓鼠、猪、犰狳、褐鼠、兔子、马、食蟹猴、负鼠、短尾猊、袋熊的18S rRNA的相似率依次为67%，100%，100%，36%，100%，100%，67%，100%，100%，92%，99%，99%，99%；Clustal 1.81和Treeview构建出的分子进化树表明：在上述14种生物中昆明小鼠与中国仓鼠进化关系最近，与兔子、猪聚成一簇，与食蟹猴进化关系最远；③根据18S rRNA二级结构设计并合成RNA干扰寡核苷酸片段，重组质粒经过限制性内切酶及测序表明成功构建了pGPH1/GFP/Neo-mouse-sh 18S rRNA干扰表达质粒。

The present paper also reviewed the studies on chromosomes in Decapoda and preilminarily analysed the phylogenetic relationships of Palaemoninae karyotypes.

本文还综述了十足类甲壳动物染色体研究进展，就十足类核型分析的方法学展开了讨论，对长臂虾亚科核型演化关系进行了初步分析。

The gene arrangement features at nad3–nad5 and nad5–nad4 junctions contain useful information for phylogenetic inference of the advanced groups within the Decapoda.

而对基因排列顺序的系统发生研究结果提示，在十足类进化分支的系统发生上，nad3-nad5 和 nad5-nad4 基因连接部的基因排列性状是有用的信息。

For instance, the cell density of the cortex decreases with phylogenetic ascent, whereas the length and quality of dendrites increases.

例如，皮质的细胞密度随著种系发展的提升而下降，而神经元树突的长度与品质则随之上升。

SQUA genes of Dendrocalamus latiflorus were sequenced, and phylogenetic form on SQUA genes in angiosperms was analyzed. Relative rate and adaptive evolution after SQUA gene duplication in recent common ancestor of monocots and eudicots were analyzed using the methods of relative rate test, statistic on synonymous and non-synonymous coden substitution sites and likelihood rate test.

测定了麻竹的SQUA基因序列并分析了被子植物中SOUA类基因的系统发育式样；采用相对速率检验、同义与非同义置换位点统计以及似然比检验方法，分析了单子叶和真双子叶植物最近共同祖先中SQUA基因发生基因重复后的进化速率与适应机制。

In the phylogenetic tree, this strain and Pseudomonas marginalis constitute a branch with only 73% sequence similarity, indicating that this strain had particular descendible characters.

从系统发育树上可以看出该菌株与Pseudomonas marginalis聚为一群，但两者的相似度只有73％，说明这株菌具有独特的遗传特性。

The results of 16S rRNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis show that the strain is the closest relative to Desulfovibrio sp. with 96.0% sequence similarity.

基于16SrDNA序列同源性构建了系统发育树，结果表明此株菌是属于脱硫弧菌属的硫酸盐还原菌，与Desulfovibrio具有96.0%的序列相似性。

Results The whole genome of CVB4 jlu06 strain consisted of 7 395 nucleotides encoding 2183 amino acids, which showed high homologies to other CVB4 strains, with the mutations of 10 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis proved that CVB4 jlu06 strain showed close relationship to HumanCB4 and POLG_CXB4 strains while showed remote relationship to CXB2 strain. Unlike other non-diabetogenic strains, CVB4 jlu06 strain showed common amino acids with diabetogenic strains at 4 sites in 3A region of non-structural protein.

结果 CVB4 jlu06株基因组全长7395个核苷酸，编码2183个氨基酸，与其他CVB4株的同源性较高，且发生了10个氨基酸的变异，与HumanCB4和POLG_CXB4亲缘关系较近，与CXB2亲缘关系较远；CVB4 jlu06株与具有潜在致糖尿病性病毒株，在非结构蛋白3A区4个位点有共同的氨基酸，与非致病毒株不同。

Diploblastic cnidarians as the outgroups, the phylogenetic trees of bryozoans and lophotrochozoans were reconstructed by the 28S rDNA analyses of theirs and other related bilaterians obtained through GenBank with different methods, respectively. Meanwhile, the primary and predicted secondary structures of their partial divergent 28S rDNA domains were compared and analysed.

结合GenBank上其他三胚层动物的相关序列数据，以二胚层刺胞动物为外类群，运用遗传分析软件，以不同方法构建了苔藓动物以及触手冠担轮动物的分子系统树；同时绘制了各代表类群28S rDNA的部分多变区的二级结构，并对其形态学特征进行了比较分析。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。