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The phylogenetic relationship of raptors and nighthawks were estimated by mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences in this study by comparing the partial basepair fragments of 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes among 5 species of Falcoiformes, 3 species of Strigiformes and 1 species of Caprimulgiformes sequenced in this experement, together with the homologous segments of mtDNA in other 17 species of birds downloaded from GenBank.

本文测定5种隼形目鸟类、3种鸮形目鸟类和1种夜鹰目鸟类的部分线粒体12S rRNA基因和16S rRNA基因，结合从GenBank下载的17种鸟类同源基因进行系统进化研究。

In order to direct the construction of plant germplasms by elucidating the relatives among plants at the level of gene, CYP86MF gene analogues from 11 species of 6 genera in Cuciferae were respectively obtained by PCR strategy using gene specific primers designed from conserved regions of CYP86MF gene reported. Sequence comparisonindicated that the similarities among the genes at nucleotide level were over 80%, and the similarities at amino acid level remained above 70%. The differences between the genes at nucleotide and amino acid level between species were 1.0%~ 5.7% and 2.6%~ 7.3% respectively, while those between genera 5.6%~ 22.5% and 7.3%~ 31.2%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Brassica was closely related to Raphanus, followed by Rorippa Scop, Arabidopsis Heynh, Capsella Medic orderly, most distantly related to Orychophrogmus.

为了从分子水平阐明十字花科植物间的亲缘进化关系，给植物种质资源的创建提供理论依据，试验根据课题组已报道的CYP86MF基因编码的氨基酸保守区域设计特异引物，运用PCR技术分别从十字花科6个属11个物种中分离克隆到了CYP86MF基因的同源序列，经比较分析，结果表明：这些同源序列的相似性达80%以上，所推导的氨基酸序列相似性达70%以上，且两者种间差异分别为1.0%~ 5.7%和2.6%~ 7.3%，属间差异分别是5.6%~ 22.5%和7.3%~ 31.2%；由氨基酸序列构建的分子系统树可知，在亲缘进化关系上芸薹属与萝卜属较近，其他依次为蔊菜属、拟南芥属、荠菜属，而与诸葛菜属最远。

KDa. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the putative rice OsCAS had a high amino acid identity (99%) to maize β-caryophyllene synthase, whereas a low amino acid identity (51%) to those in other plants including Arabodopsis, Artemisia and cucumber.

系统进化树分析表明，水稻OsCAS基因编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与同为单子叶植物玉米的β-石竹烯合成酶氨基酸序列同源性达99%，而与其他植物的同源性仅51%。

By using the traditional taxonomic methods, electronic microscope examination, 18S rDNA, ITS sequences and phylogenetic analysis, an endophytic fungus HCCB1621 isolated from the cephalotaxus sinensi was identified as Trichoderma viride Pers.ex Fr. Its anti-tumor activities were studied as well.

利用传统分类学方法、电子显微镜观察、18S rDNA和ITS序列的测定以及系统发育分析对一株分离自粗榧抗肿瘤活性内生真菌HCCB1621进行分类鉴定，并对其产物抗肿瘤活性进行了初步研究。

The result of analyzing the base content revealed that only the sequences from Buxus bobinieri have GC bias, especially at the third base of codes, and the GC content is more than 70%. All of molecular phylogenetic trees, based on the Beyesian, MP, and NJ methods, consisted of three major clades. Four sequences from Ceratophyllum demersum were grouped into a monophyletic clade (subfamily Ⅱ). Two sequences out of Trochodendron aralioides nested in subfamily Ⅲ. Another three sequences from Kingdonia uniflora interspersed among different subclades of subfamily Ⅰ.

用贝叶斯法、最大简约法和邻接法构建的CHS基因的分子系统树均由3个主要分支构成，其中一个分支由来自金鱼藻的4个序列聚在一起构成了subfamily Ⅱ，来自昆栏树的2个序列聚在一起网接于subfamily Ⅲ中；来自独叶草的3个序列分散于同一亚家族(subfamily Ⅰ)的不同分支中；而多数种的序列分散在相距较远的两个分支中，构成了两个主要的亚家族subfamily Ⅰ、subfamily Ⅲ。

Further comparison with other Chamaecyparis species, especially C. obtusa, is required in order to understand the phylogenetic relationship between C. formosensis and C. taiwanensis.

红桧与台湾扁柏间之亲源关系，仍有待与其它扁柏属植物，特别是日本扁柏比较后才能明确了解。

Canis lupus chanco ; mtDNA ; Molecular phylogenetic tree ; Subspecies

中国狼；线粒体DNA ；分子系统树；亚种

Phylogenetic analysis on Antarctic Chlamydomonas The unique biology properties of Antarctic algae come from the extreme environment of South Pole.

南极冰藻分子系统学研究严酷的极地环境造就了生活在这种极端海冰环境中的南极冰藻独特的生物学特性。

The aim is to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Galerucella and outgroup Phaedon brassicae Baly beetle species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and to discuss the relation between the evolution of Galerucella and host plant.

本文目的是通过对小萤叶甲属部分种类的线粒体COⅠ基因进行比较，探讨小萤叶甲属昆虫进化与寄主植物之间的关系，同时对几种分类地位模糊的昆虫进行分析和归类。

Phylogenetic analysis and relative-rate test of 9 Clupeidae fishes were performed using thecytochromeb gene sequence data.

对鲱科9种鱼类的线粒体细胞色素b基因序列进行综合分析。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。