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Don has often been included in Disporum but recent micromorphological, karyological, phytochemical, and molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that separation of the two genera is appropriate.

Don通常被归入Disporum但最新的微形态学、核、植物化学和分子系统学的研究表明把这两个属分开是恰当的。

These individual characters are similar to those of most aquatic plants in monocotyledonous Helodiales and dicotyledonous Nymphaeales, which reflects the phylogenetic relationships of Iris from aquatic plants to xerophil.

这些个体性状与单子叶沼生目和双子叶睡莲目多数水生植物相似，从一定程度上可以反映鸢尾属植物从水生到旱生的系统发生上的关系。

The rate of repetitive sequences was 2.55% and no SINEs, LINEs, LTR anti-transcription elements or DNA transposon elements were found, although one11 microsatellite was found. 2 In the P1 promotor region, sequence homology between the Tibetan sheep and mouflon, goat, cattle and European bison was 99.7%, 94.2%, 85.9% and 86.5%, respectively, while that for exon 1A was 99.0%, 97.0%, 92.7% and 94.6%, respectively. 3 The molecular phylogenetic tree among these species, constructed by the neighborhood joining method based on the sequences of no-coding region of the GHR genes, placed the two Bovinae species on one branch and the three Caprinae species on the other.

在该非编码序列中，重复序列所占比率为2.55%，不存在SINEs、LINEs、LTR类反转录元件和DNA转座子元件，而发现存在一11微卫星位点；(2)在启动子P1区，藏绵羊与摩弗伦羊、山羊、普通牛、欧洲野牛各物种间同源性大小分别为99.7%、94.2%、85.9%、86.5%；而在外显子1A区段，藏绵羊与摩弗伦羊、山羊、普通牛、欧洲野牛各物种间同源性大小分别为 99.0%、97.0%、92.7%、94.6%。

Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis are important study fields in bioinformatics.

多序列比对和系统发育分析是生物信息学的重要研究领域。

In the nucleotide of intron there is 0%-1.22% difference among these muntjac deers, and the divergene reached about 1.83% between E. cephalophus and the three species of Muntiacus. Using the software of MEGA to analyse molecular phylogeny, Phylogenetic trees were constructed with neighbor-joining method and maximum parsimony method.

由NJ法和最大简约法构建的进化树表明黑麂与赤麂亲缘关系较近，小麂与他们同为一属但关系较远，而毛冠鹿与它们之间的分化程度已达到属间水平。

The investigators, led by Marie-Laure Chaix, MD, from the Necker Hospital in Paris, France, found that among 12 HIV-infected men who presented with acute HCV infection, the only significant risk factor reported by all patients was sexual exposure. Ten of the 12 patients were infected with HCV genotype 4, subtype 4d, and all of these infections were found to be closely related by type on phylogenetic analysis.

来自法国巴黎Necker Hospital的Marie-Laure Chaix医师表示，在12位感染HIV病毒的男性身上，发现感染到急性C型肝炎，而根据患者陈诉，最明显的媒介就是性行为；这12位患者中有10位染有HCV基因型第4型，次属型4d的病毒，经过病毒亲缘分析后发现，这些感染都和病毒的型态有著密切的关系。

A phylogenetic tree of K(superscript +) channels from Nicotiana tabacum, Arabidopsis thaliana and related plants was constructed.

构建了一个烟草、拟南芥及相关植物K通道蛋白的系统进化树。

At last in this paper, the sequences of CHD-W gene in Chinese Egret, Cattle Egret and Black-faced Spoonbill,and the sequences of CHD-Z gene in Chinese Egret, Large Egret, Intermediate Egret, Cattle Egret, Night Heron and Black-faced Spoodbill were analyzed and used to study their relative and phylogenetic evolution .

本文最后对黄嘴白鹭、牛背鹭和黑脸琵鹭的W染色体上扩增的CHD片段，以及黄嘴白鹭、大白鹭、中白鹭、牛背鹭、夜鹭和黑脸琵鹭Z染色体上扩增的CHD片段进行序列分析并用于亲缘关系及系统进化的研究。

We constructed phylogenetic tree of 8 species based on NJ method.

根据单倍型构建了中国8 个黄牛品种的NJ 分子系统树。

A clone from each genotype was randomly selected as representative for sequencing. The obtained 16S rDNA gene sequences had a similarity of 87%-100% with those in the GenBank (www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov), and more than half of them had a similarity lower than 97%, being of new species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the bacteria in the two soils were classified into 10 groups, with 5 groups in common. The dominant bacterial groups in the two soils differed obviously. In primeval forest soil, the dominant group was Proteobacteria, which had 39 genotypes, occupying 58.0% of all the clones; while in the soil of degraded ecosystem the dominant groups were Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, which had 19 and 15 genotypes occupying 32.5% and 30.5% of all the clones, respectively. In the soil of degraded ecosystem, Proteobacteria group decreased while Acidobacteria group increased markedly, compared with those in primeval forest soil.

从每种基因型中随机选择一个克隆子作为代表进行测序分析，所有序列与GenBank数据库中序列的同源性为87%~100%，且两样地中均有超过一半的基因型序列与数据库中已知序列同源性低于97%，属于分类在"种"地位上的新发现细菌；通过系统发育研究将两样地的细菌分为10大类群，两样地共同拥有5大类群，但两样地的细菌优势类群明显不同，原生土壤为Proteobacteria，含39种基因型，占总克隆子数的58.0%，退化生态系统土壤为Acidobacteria和Proteobacteria，分别含19种和15种基因型，占总克隆子数的32.5%和30.5%；与原生土壤细菌类群相比，退化生态系统土壤Proteobacteria类群明显减少，Acidobacteria类群明显增加。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。