查询词典 phellogen

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

In most dicotyledonous roots showing secondary growth.the pericycle is also involved in the origination of the vascular cambium and the phellogen.

在大多数双子叶植物根中有次生生长。中柱鞘也与维管形成层和木栓形成层的起源有关。

The type and the size of epidermis cell, epidermis hair, stomata apparatus and inside blade tissue;Ascertaining by measuring the epidermis cell thickness of the stem, the type and density of the epidermis hair,the density of lenticel; the thickness of cortex, phellogen, vascular tissue and pith;And calculate the ratio of cortex and radius, the ratio of vascular tissue and radius, the ratio of pith and radius…….

测定出叶片表皮细胞、角质层和厚角组织厚度，表皮毛、气孔器和叶内组织的类型、大小等；测定出茎的表皮细胞厚度，表皮毛的类型和密度，皮孔密度，皮层、栓皮层、维管组织和髓的厚度，计算皮层与半径之比，维管组织与半径之比，髓与半径之比等。

During secondary growth,the meristematic PHELLOGEN gives rise to parenchyma tissue,the periderm, which forms the secondary cortex.

在次生生长过程中，周皮分生组织的分裂活动所产生薄壁组织细胞，形成栓内层。

Because of the cutide and the cutinication of the cell wall in epidermis, the phellemmication of the cell in phellogen of periderm, the epidermis and the periderm have the protective function of preventing the moisture from escaping and the injurous insects out of it .

不同植物及同一植础，各组织细胞的细胞壁在与功能相适应的过程中，物不同部位和不同发育时期的细胞其细胞壁具有不其结构和化学成分均发生特化，构成植物组织最为同的结构和成分，从而适应各种不同的生理功能。

The cork cambium gives rise to the PERIDERM, a protective layer of tissue on the outside of the stem or root, which consists of the cork, the phellogen, and the PHELLODERM.

木栓形成层的活动使周皮增厚，这种主要由木栓层、木栓形成层和栓内层组成的周皮是植物茎或根表面的保护层。

Phellem A protective layer of radically arranged cells produced to the outside of the PHELLOGEN.

木栓：指由木栓形成层外侧的一系列细胞所组成的保护层。

It is made up of the PHELLOGEN,which gives rise to the PHELLEM and PHELLODERM.

周皮来源于木栓形成层，木栓形成层分裂产生木栓层以及栓内层。

The cells of the phelloderm arise in radial columns from the phellogen, and this distinguishes them from the primary cortex.

栓内层细胞是起源于木栓形成层，显然不同于初生皮层。

Bark The outermost tissue of the stem and roots in woody plants, on the outside of the phellogen.

bark 树皮：木本植物中的茎或根中木栓形成层外方的全部组织，称为树皮。

By the time of its fall, most of the prisoners were writers who had written against the corruptions of the government.

到它被攻陷的时候，里面多数的犯人是写了反对政府贪污文章的作家。

The most obvious variation to ovum morphological character was that the color was changed from light green to sepiaceous in embryonic development, and all the ovums were almost hatched after 96h.

在胚胎发育过程中卵的形态特征最明显的变化是颜色从淡绿到深褐色，卵在发育96h后卵基本全部孵化。