查询词典 phase transition

The phase transition is analyzed by varifying the stability of the system and Gibbs condition of phase equilibrium.

本文将奇异强子物质作为一个二元体系来处理，通过讨论这个体系的稳定性和Gibbs相平衡条件来分析相变。

The maxima of low-temperature internal friction peaks plot a symmetrical peak-like curve at logarithmic frequency spectrum and the peak-like curve shifts toward high frequencies with the increase of heating rate, indicating that phase transition relaxation time decreases; the maxima of high-temperature internal friction peaks exhibit a linear relation to the reciprocal frequencies, and as the heating rate increases its slope rises, which implies that the heating rate drives the normal movement of phase interface further in low-frequency measurements.

低温内耗峰峰值与对数频率呈现峰形函数关系，随升温速率的增加，频率峰向高频方向移动，相变弛豫时间减小；高温内耗峰峰值与倒数频率成直线关系，随升温速率的增加，直线斜率变大，表明低频测量时升温速率对相界面法向运动的驱动作用更强。

The anisotropy inverted spectra will be determine, when the temperature reaches and goes beyond the temperature of phase transition for the NNPA and NIPA hydrogels that exhibit a LCST phase behaviors. The network is collapsed and the hydrated Cu ion is bound by network chains.

对于具有LCST相行为的NNPA 和NIPA水凝胶，当温度达到并超过其相转变温度时，即可测得其Cu自旋探针各向异性的ESR倒置谱，这种倒置谱是由于凝胶相变后，网格塌陷，网络缠裹水化Cu离子的结果。

Furthermore, we believe that the general rules for understanding the superstructures formed within boundary areas are correlated directly with different overlapping or connecting operation with respect to building units of flattened hexagons and P-B polygons. These rules are as following:I The adjoined domains at least have their basic structural units a side-shared (that is, sharing two column clustersП) The basic structural units in both domains have overlapping area as large as possible.3 For theξ-Al-Ni-Rh phase formed in the as-cast Al75Ni15Rh10 alloy, phase transition processes induced by electron beam irradiation with different amount of dose were studied by in-situ observations in an electron microscope.

本论文提出了畴界的通用模型：各种畴界及其畴界处超结构都可以用一个通用的叠加覆盖模型去表示，覆盖的基本单元为扁六边形或P-B多边形，连接与覆盖规则如下：I相邻畴中的基本单元至少有一个共用边相邻畴中的基本单元重叠时沿b方向有最大重叠面积。3研究了Al75Ni15Rh10合金中ξ-Al-Ni-Rh相在透射电镜电镜中经不同剂量电子束辐照后引起的辐照损伤和相变过程。

For the undoped parent compound BaFe2As2, both resistance and magnetization data display an anomaly associated with spin density wave and/or structural phase transition, with the transition temperatures at ~138 K.

未掺杂的母体化合物BaFe2As2的电阻和磁化强度数据都表明存在一个与自旋密度波及结构相变有关的反常，该反常的发生温度为138K左右。

Above the critical point,the second-order phase-transition line between the superfluid and the normal phase is determined.

在三相点温度以上，超流和正常相之间有二级相变。

On the other hand,both the phase transition temperature and the heat of transition decreased with risingC70 concentration.

此外，C60/C70合金晶体的相变温度和潜热都随着C70浓度的增加而下降。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

In Chapter 4, Short-time dynamic behavior of two-dimensional fully frustrated XY model near the Ising-like phase-transition temperature is studied with resistively shunted junction dynamics. The transition temperature and the dynamic and static critical exponents are estimated under both a periodic boundary condition and a fluctuating twist boundary condition using the short-time dynamic scaling analysis.

第四章应用电阻分流结动力学方法研究了完全阻挫XY模型在Ising型相变温度附近的短时动力学行为，运用短时动力学标度分析方法，我们得出了该模型在周期性边界条件下和涨落扭转边界条件下Ising型相变的临界温度和各种临界指数。

It is found by solving the self-consistency equa tion that, at zero chemical potential and finite temperature the chiral phase transition is of second order, while both at finite temperature and density and at zero temperature finite density this transition is of first order.

通过求解序参量所满足的自洽方程，其结果表明：在零化学势有限温度情况下，有二级手征相变发生；对于有限温度和密度以及零温有限密度两种情况，手征相变为一级，并且其转变温度或密度与费米子所处的初始相有关，即从破缺相到正常相的转变温度或密度不同于从正常相到破缺相的转变温度或密度。

The labia have now been sutured together almost completely.The drains and the Foley catheter come out at the top.

此刻阴唇已经几乎完全的缝在一起了，排除多余淤血体液的管子和Foley导管从顶端冒出来。

To get the business done, I suggest we split the difference in price.

为了做成这笔生意，我建议我们在价格上大家各让一半。