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In this paper, the maximum likelihood algorithm with process and measurement noise for nonlinear continuous-discrete system given by Jategaonkar and Plaetschke is improved in two aspects: 1 to avoid the disadvantages of sensitivities computation by common finite-difference method, in which the perturbation sizes should be selected optionally, an improved finite-difference method with best perturbations, is presented. 2 to improve the numerical stability of Jategaonkar's algorithm, maximum likelihood algorithm with fast triangular square-root decomposition filter is given.

摘要对Jategaonkar等人给出的同时计及过程及观测噪声的非线性连续-离散系统的极大似然算法从两个方面进行了改进：1给出了计算灵敏度的最佳摄动有限差分算法，避免了普通有限差分法计算灵敏度矩阵时需人为选择参数摄动量大小而带来的缺点；2给出了具有快速三角化平方根滤波的极大似然算法，提高了原算法的数值稳定性。

Ionosphere is a non-linear response system. Different kinds of input will trigger different final perturbations.

电离层是一个非线性响应系统，不同触发因素作用后生成的输出扰动不同，因此对电波传播的影响也不同。

In contrast to the situation for a homogeneous isotropic neo-Hookean sphere, it is shown that not only there exists a secondary turning bifurcation point on the cavitated bifurcation solution which bifurcates locally to the left from trivial solution, and also the critical load is smaller than that for the material with no perturbations, as the parameters belong to some regions.

与均匀各向同性的neo-Hookean球体的情况相比，证明了当摄动参数属于某些区域时，从平凡解局部向左分岔的空穴分岔解上存在一个二次转向分岔点，空穴生成时的临界载荷会比无摄动的材料的临界载荷小。

The existence of pointwise robust convergent algorithm and uniformly robust convergence is next investigated. We propose an optimal l〓 robustness synthesis method for structured perturbations system by taking advantage of the famous Small Gain Theorem.

证明了最优l〓辨识算法的存在性；证明了黑箱辨识存在辨识算法使全局误差收敛于有界区间；提出并证明了逐点鲁棒收敛算法的存在性；证明了一致鲁棒收敛算法的存在性。

It can estimate unmeasurable states and system perturbations including system nonlinearities, disturbances and unmodelled dynamics.

在观测系统状态的同时，估计由系统的非线性和模型的不确定性和外来的干扰所造成的广义扰动。

A general unstable chaotic solution of the Duffing oscillator in a double-well with weak periodic perturbations is obtained by using the direct perturbation method in this paper.

利用直接微扰的方法求出了双阱中具有弱周期微扰的Duffing 振子混沌解的一般表达式。

Although the atmosphere was stable overall, it was sensitive to perturbations which caused it to vacillate easily.

尽管从总体上说大气是稳定的，但实际上这些它对于扰动还是非常敏感的，任何扰动都会很容易地引起它的波动。

Cardiac hypertrophy is one of adaptive responses of the heart to a variety of pathological stimuli, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, congenital heart disease, heart valvula disease, and perturbations in sarcomeric function due to altered expression or mutations of contractile proteins. Increase in wall tension and hormonal stimuli are thought to directly activate various membrane-bound receptors and signal transduction cascade within cardiomyocytes resulting in the activation of immediate early genes and responsive genes such as c-jun, c-fos, c-myc, egr-1, ANF, BNP. Then the expression of construction proteins such as MLC-1, skeletal α-actin was unregulated.

中文题名hhlim基因的表达调节及其与心肌细胞肥大发生之间的关系副题名外文题名 hhlim gene expression regulation and its role in development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy 论文作者郑斌导师温进坤韩梅学科专业生物化学与分子生物学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位河北医科大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数106页关键词心肌细胞肥大基因表达心肌肥厚 hhlim基因馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R542.2 /33 心肌细胞肥大是高血压、心脏瓣膜病、急性心肌梗塞及先天性心脏病等临床常见疾病的一种并发症，是心肌细胞对多种病理刺激的一种适应性反应。

Treating the anharmonic terms of potential energy as perturbations,and employing the formulas for atomic displacements and Hamiltonian in phonon occupation number representation ,the formulas for thermal expansion coefficients of crystal nano-wires are derived and the numerical calculations are carried out in this paper.

将原子间相互作用势的非谐项作为微扰，运用声子数表象中的晶格原子振动位移和晶格振动哈密顿公式，推导了纳米晶体线的热膨胀系数公式，并进行了数值计算。

By using the perturbations of infalling null dust and of both outgoing and infallingnull dust in theSitter black hole geometry,respectively,wecheck a conjecture to the Cauchy-horizon stability given by Helliwell and Konkowski.

由于黑洞的柯西视界稳定性与宇宙监督假定有紧密联系，所以它一直是广义相对论中的一个重要研究课题。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。