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The ultima ratio of criminal law embodys the of caution of penalty and becomes one of the fundamental principles of modern criminal law.The ultima ratio of penalty resulted from political,economic,legal and culture foundation.

刑法的最后手段性体现了一种"慎刑"思想，已成为近现代刑法的基本价值理念，而其确立有着深刻的政治、经济、法律和文化根基。

Consequently,all aspects of the society can accept the banning measures against cult organizations;from a perspective of history,it compares the differences of the state and church relations between china and western countries and points out that there is no seperation of church and state in china.what's more,the state power has a leading and controlling influence on religion,which has an impact on the prevention and control policies in china and thus forms the deviation between china and western countries in this issue.secondly,it briefly analyzes the present prevention and control measures in china,and proposes that we should replace "cult" with "dangerous beliefs" in legal documents,and the government should balance the relationship between fighting against dangerous beliefs and safeguarding freedom of religion and prudently adopts the banning measures;lastly ,it gives some suggestions such as establishing the principles of prudently using criminal law against cult behavior,protecting fundamental rights of cult believers,and improving legislation ,sticking to the ultimacy of criminal law,improving registering system of religious groups,helping the religious groups step out the underground situation,and long term research and study on cult,combining fighting and regulating.

其次，对我国目前的邪教犯罪防控措施进行了简要的评析，提出在法律文件中改变"邪教"称谓，代之以"危险信仰"，和政府在反邪教斗争中应平衡打击危险信仰犯罪和保障宗教信仰自由的关系，慎重采取取缔措施；最后，对当前邪教犯罪活动的防控提出了几点建议，主要包括：确立对邪教行为慎用刑法、保障邪教人员各项基本权利的原则，完善立法，坚持刑法调整的最后性，完善宗教团体登记管理制度，使宗教社团走出地下状态，对我国邪教情况进行长期的调查研究，打击与监控相结合等五点建议。

This paper combines from the stipulate of joint crime and unaccomplished formation of offence in our criminal law and refers to foreign penal codes and criminal theories , makes some research on how to correctly judge the problem of unaccomplished formation of joint crime in practice.

笔者将结合我国刑法对共同犯罪及犯罪未完成状态的规定，同时参考各国的相关立法及理论界的各种观点，对在实践中如何正确判定共同犯罪的未完成状态问题做出探讨。

The criminal policy for underworld crime is a new field for crimes criminal policy in our country.

黑社会犯罪的刑事政策是我国类罪刑事政策的一个新的领域。

It is said that the importance of excusing conditions in criminal responsibility is derivative, and it derives from the more fundamental requirement that for criminal responsibility there must be 'moral culpability', which would not exist where the excusing conditions are present On this view the maxim actus non est reus nisimens sit rea refers to a morally evil mind Certainly traces of this view are to be found in scattered observations of English and American judges—in phrases such as 'an evil mind with regard to that which he is doing ',' a bad mind ', or references to acts done not ' merely unguardedly or accidentally , without any evil mind.

有人说，刑事责任中的免责条件的意义是派生性的，而且，其派生于这样一项更基本的要求，即对于刑事责任来说，必须存在"道德上的可责性"，而这在出现了免责条件的场合，是不存在的。按照这一观点，"无犯意即无犯罪"的法谚便关涉到一种在道德上邪恶的心理。在英、美法官的分散的评论中——在诸如"与其正在做的事相关的一种邪恶的心理"、"一种不良心理"之类的措辞中，或在对"不只是没有提防地或意外地，没有任何恶意"地实施的行为的提及中——肯定会发现这一观点的迹象。

Increase continuously along with the middle unit smuggle activity of 80's in 20 centuries, in order to stop these units smuggle behavior, on February 22 in 1987 the National Peoples Congress promulgation of 《 the People's Republic of China maritime customs method 》 uncovered the prologue of the unit crime lawmaking, rule the unit and can become the crime corpus that smuggles the offense, later on, in many lists execute criminal the matter law, and then ruled the unit and can become the concrete criminal crime corpus.

随着二十世纪八十年代中期单位走私活动的不断增加，为遏止这些单位走私行为，1987年2月22日全国人大颁布的《中华人民共和国海关法》揭开了单位犯罪立法的序幕，规定了单位可以成为走私罪的犯罪主体，随后，在许多单行刑事法律中，又规定了单位可以成为具体犯罪的犯罪主体。

However,the author believes that there is the rationality for unpremeditated common crime to exist either in theory of criminal law or in practice of criminal judicature.

但笔者认为刑法的这一规定并不能作为否认过失共同犯罪存在的根据，我们不能因为刑法没有特别规定而否认为过失共同犯罪的存在。

This paper has the opinions that the criminal's state of mind can be deliberate intention or unpremeditation, the term "victim" should be strictly interpreted as the property holder or someone has special relationship with the property holder, the relation between robbery and "serious wounds and death" should be direct relation, the judicial interpretion released by the Suprem Court is also analyzed in this paper but it's believed that it's not reasonable and scientific, the ceasing state of "serious wounds and death caused by robbery" should take the criminal's state of mind and other factors into consideration.

本文认为行为人对于"重伤、死亡"结果的主观方面可以是故意，也可以是过失；"人"的范围应该严格限定，主要是指财物持有人以及和财物持有人具有利益关系的其他人；对于抢劫行为与"重伤、死亡"之间的因果关系本文采纳直接因果关系说；在"抢劫致人重伤、死亡"这个问题上，本文结合最高人民法院的相关司法解释作了详细的阐述，认为该解释有不科学、不合理的地方；在"抢劫致人重伤、死亡"犯罪停止形态研究方面，本文认为应该从严格区分基本行为既遂、未遂以及行为人主观方面来具体研究，不能一概而论。

Punishing him sets matters right, with respect to the criminal. Full moral balance is achieved, however, when the criminal is punished and the victim is compensated. Then a proper proportion between welfare and well-doing is achieved.

惩罚罪犯使问题得到正确对待，并使道德平衡得到恢复，但是，当罪犯被惩罚且受害者得到了补偿，然后在福利和幸福之间的合适比例就达到了。

Factors, such as degree of mental deficiency, motivation of offence, premeditation and concealment of their criminal behaviour, the ability awaring the wrongfulness of their criminal behaviour and controlling them, etc., were analyzed in 80 cases of mentally retarded persons.

本文对80例精神发育迟滞有违法行为者的智力缺损程度、犯案动机、预谋、自我保护能力及对行为的辨认、控制能力等因素进行分析。

You can snipe the second and third union leaders from this position.

您可以鹬第二和第三工会领袖从这一立场出发。

Aiming at the currently shortage of XML streams quality detecting, this paper proposes a new forecasting method of XML streams quality by least squares support vector machines, which is used the method of XML keys' vector matrix as windows, and vector product wavelet transform to multilevel decompose and refactor the XML streams series, that can fulfill real-time checking demand of XML quality, and ensure constraint, consist- ency and integrality. For even more adapting net load, it proposes a control strategy by weight and adaptive adjustment to ensure XML streams quality.

针对当前XML数据流质量检测存在的不足，提出构建XML键的矢量矩阵作为窗口，利用矢量积小波变换多级分解与重构XML数据流，再结合最小二乘支持向量机对XML数据流质量进行预测的一种方法，满足XML数据流质量重构时实时检测的要求，保证XML数据的约束性、一致性与完整性；为了更好的适应网络负载，采取加权与自适应窗口调整等调度策略充分保证XML数据流的质量检测。