查询词典 penalty kick

That the famous Italian criminalist Beccaria advanced an idea of abolishing death penalty in his known works on crimes and penalties in 1764, aroused the argument about existence or abolition of death penalty in the world for more than 200 years.

意大利著名的刑法学家贝卡里亚1764年在其名著《论犯罪与刑罚》中提出了废除死刑的思想，引发了长达200多年的世界范围内的死刑存废之争。

As a ancient penalty , the rationality of death penalty hadn't been questioned by people before Beccaria put forward a proposal of abandoning it .

死刑作为一种古老的刑罚，在资本主义社会以前，其合理性从没有被质疑。

Beccaria,"father of the modem criminal law", first put forward the keen criticism towards the cruelty of death penalty in On Crime and Punishment, thereby causing the debate on whether death penalty exists or not.

近代刑法之父－贝卡利亚在《论犯罪与刑罚》一书中最早对死刑的残酷性提出了尖锐的批判，也由此引发关于死刑存废的争论。

With regards to the penalty episode, I spoke with Bentivoglio who told me that there was contact, but then if it was in or out of the penalty area is just a matter of centimetres and it's the referee who evaluates at that moment, but I don't like talking about the referees.

关于比赛中那个点球，我对本蒂沃里奥说了，他碰到我了。但是否犯规在禁区边上还是禁区内，这就毫厘之差了，裁判那时需要正确的判断，但是我并不喜欢过多地谈论裁判。

Compendium still asks the freedom of normative judge cuts a quantity into parts to counterpoise, bring into measurement of penalty the court to try a program, research is made " opinion of guidance of program of people court measurement of penalty "; Cooperate to build criminal record of minor minor offence conditionally to destroy a system about the branch; Research establishs the judicatory mechanism that old people commits a crime to be lenientlied treat moderately; Build courts of pair of illegal interpose people to handle a case independently lawfully the responsibility of behavior finds out a system; Build perfect and multivariate dispute solves a mechanism, offer more to be able to settle way for the dispute of the choice for people.

纲要还要求规范法官的自由裁量权，将量刑纳入法庭审理程序，研究制定《人民法院量刑程序指导意见》；配合有关部门有条件地建立未成年人轻罪犯罪记录消灭制度；研究建立老年人犯罪适度从宽处理的司法机制；建立对非法干预人民法院依法独立办案行为的责任追究制度；建立健全多元纠纷解决机制，为人民群众提供更多可供选择的纠纷解决方式。【以下内容为IT者网站提供英文翻译，未经授权请勿转载

In the US,high crime rate,lynching tradition in the south and having never been ruled by the Nazi are all reasons why the public opinion is in favor of death penalty,which exerts a deep influence on politicians.the US Supreme Court and district courts as well as the prosecution.In China,deteriorate social order,ceremonialist tradition,ancestral ideas and lack of the Enlightenment spirits make public opinion strongly support death penalty,which in turn has great impact on the party in power,the legislature,the judiciary and the prosecution.

美国现阶段的高犯罪率、南方的私刑传统、历史上未经纳粹统治等因素导致其支持死刑的民意高涨，这对于政治精英、联邦最高法院及地区法官和检察官都有影响；在中国，现阶段社会治安形势恶化、礼法传统与家族主义的深远影响，以及缺少西方启蒙运动洗礼等因素导致民意支持死刑，这对于执政党、立法机关和司法机关，以及法官与检察官个人，都产生了深刻的影响。

The primary work of this paper includes: 1 The general process and the fundamental theory of genetic algorithm is introduced systematically, which is also be applied to an example; 2 The penalty function method and the constraint tournament method are introduced in the paper, which are used to process the constraint limit. Via analyzing the basic principle of NSGA-II ,which is elaborated in the paper, the fast non- dominated sorting method, congestion distance and its comparison operator, the elite strategy and the main process of NSGA-II is researched particularly. 3 Via modeling the fire distribution problem, the model is computed by the algorithm of NSGA-II, which is combined with both the penalty function method and the restraint league tournament method The optimization of two goals are also realized in the paper. The results derived from the VC++6.0 indicate that, two algorithms both have the high convergence, simultaneously the Pareto optimal solution also maintain the variety of distribution.

本文所作的主要工作如下：系统地介绍了遗传算法的一般流程和基本理论，并应用于一个函数优化的实例；研究了用于处理约束限制的罚函数法和约束联赛法，论述了NSGA-II的基本原理，并对其提出的快速非支配排序法、拥挤度及其比较算子、精英策略及NSGA-II的主要流程作了详细的研究；建立了火力分配问题的模型，并将NSGA-II算法分别与罚函数法和约束联赛法相结合对该模型进行了计算，实现了对两个目标的最优化；用VC++6.0编程计算后所得的结果表明，两种算法均具有很好的收敛性，同时Pareto最优解也保持了好的多样性分布。

In this paper we introduce the hyperbolic cosine function and construct the new hyperbolic cosine penalty function and algorithms, further more, we construct the new hyperbolic cosine multipier penalty function .

本文在传统形式的罚函数基础上引入双曲余弦函数做罚项，构造了新的对于一般约束优化问题的双曲余弦罚函数和求解迭代公式；进一步地，又提出了求解具有等式约束优化问题的双曲罚函数乘子法。

The deep level value and the judicial significance in this system are also worth considering, the conflicts of the different interests, the request of goal penalty theory, playing up to the penalty individualizing thoughts 、 the stability of the crim inal prosecution procedure and the public interest principle, and it is advantageous to the reasonable use of justice resources as to realize lawsuit efficiency.

蕴藏在该不起诉制度中的深层次价值和司法意义也是值得思考的问题，各种利益冲突的权衡—符合公共利益原则、目的刑罚的要求、符合刑罚个别化的思想、有利于合理使用司法资源，实现诉讼效率价值、体现刑事程序的安定性都是她的价值所在。

Expanding the application of fine penalty has been one of the sign of delict penalty in the present .

本文将从完善罚金刑立法这一角度出发，对罚金刑进行研究。全文共分六个部分。

As of Tuesday, Google's results were still censored in China.

截至周二，谷歌的搜索结果仍受中国审查。

In order to make the positive action increase and negative one decrease, the sub-forces of the social factors must be adjusted to form a centripetal force.

在这一过程中，人的主体性发挥是社会有机体健康发展的灵魂。