查询词典 penal

The restriction that the triangular construction of modern criminal suit reflects to the penal power and the justice that should be brought about in procedure and substance of penal judicature are the demands of ideal relation in the binary society structure.

在刑事诉讼领域，这些要求主要是通过辩护律师诉讼权利的行使所形成的对权力制约、抗衡来实现的。律师刑事辩护权利也因此获得了它的伦理价值。

He enunciated three basic maxims :nulla poena sine lega ,nulla poena sine crimine nullan crimen sine poena legali , His integration of the prevailing political liberalism with penal policy was simple enough :only one who violates the liberty guaranteed by the social contract and safeguarded by penal law commits a crime .

他阐明了三条基本格言；"法无明文者不罚""无法以为罪者不罚"和'无法定刑罚者不为罪他把当时盛行的政治自由主义同刑事政策结合起来的思想是相当简括的。只有那些侵犯了由社会契约所保障，由刑法所保护的自由的人们，才犯了罪。

We can see that community correction can recollocate the limited judicial resource which is in favor of saving the cost of execution from a series of data, on the other hand, it is propitious to rebuild the light criminals. See from the penal base, the goal of the criminalistics in the 20th transfered to the criminal from the crime, the idea of correction was advanced on the base of going deep into the personality causation, because of which parole, probation and other community correction appeared and developed. See from the policy base, the popular international penal policy "polarization policy" also take a moment to community correction. It must divert some burden to the community if the country want to focus the strength into beating these terrorist, the fearful criminals. See from the environmental base, the developed country apply the community correction above 50%, which offers abundant experience and upstanding international surroundings to us, it also provide a largo flat roof for intercourse.

从一系列的数据可以看出，社区矫正既有利于行刑成本的节约，促进有限的司法资源的优化配置，也有利于对轻刑犯的改造，是符合行刑经济化的原则的；从刑事基础而言，近代刑事学派关注的目标发生了从犯罪行为到犯罪人的转变，在深入探究了犯罪的深层个性原因之后，提出了矫正刑的思想，并促进了假释、缓刑、保安处分等一系列现代刑法制度的出现与发展，这些都为社区制度的发展奠定了坚实的基础；从政策基础而言，目前国际比较流行的两极化刑事政策也为社区矫正的发展提供了契机，要集中有限的司法力量去打击那些恐怖犯罪、严重侵犯公民人身权利等犯罪，就必须将对轻刑犯的改造等部分负担转移到社区方面来；从环境基础而言，西方法治发达国家适用社区矫正的比例基本达到了50%以上，这为我国实行社区矫正提供了良好的国际环境和丰富的经验，并为我国和西方的法治对话提供了更宽广的对话平台。

Chapter 2 concerns three primary viewpoints on adopting the Penal Plea Bargaining now, those are the affirmative standpoint, the negativism, and the deferrable viewpoint. This part analyses the advantages and disadvantages of that system from positive and negative, as well, this part discusses the possible problems we would face if adopting the system now. The problems include five aspects, such as the two parties can bargain whether or not;the relation between the Penal Plea Bargaining and justness together with efficiency; the Penal Plea Bargaining and the protection of the victims, the Penal Plea Bargaining and judicature corruption, the Penal Plea Bargaining and the status of our prosecuting attorneys in proceeding.

第二章主要介绍对于引入刑事辩诉交易制度，我国目前主要的三种观点——肯定说，否定说和缓行说，这部分从正反两方面分析了该制度的优劣，并分析了引入该制度可能要面对的问题，主要有辩诉双方可否交易；辩诉交易与公正和效率的关系；辩诉交易与被害人权利的保护；辩诉交易与司法腐败；辩诉交易与我国检察官在诉讼中的地位这样五个方面的问题。

Then the chapter finds it is necessary and imperative for Chinese penal law to implant foreign penal law for the purpose of modernization is to internationalize the penal law as well as imbedding in the national conditions of China, i.e., internationalization on the basis of the localization.

考虑到法制国际化的核心是法律的移植问题，法制本土化的关键在于法律的继承，指出：不同国家、不同法系间的法律移植是完全可行的，中国刑法的现代化必须在立足于中国国情的基础上，走国际化的道路。

After the revised Penal Code in 1979 continues with the provisions of the Penal Code, the main criminal of corruption and accepting bribes is the national staff, including parasitical staff.

修改后的刑法仍延续1979年刑法的规定，将贪污受贿罪之犯罪主体仍规定为国家工作人员，包括准国家工作人员。

Section 3 of the thesis expounds the consequential offenses of the penal code. There are 98 in our penal code.

本文在第三部分论述了我国刑法中的结果犯，我国刑法中共有结果犯九十八个。

Moreover, the modernization of the penal law is not only the modernization of the substantive penal law but also the revolution of the procedural penal law.

可以说，中国刑法的现代化是一场波澜壮阔、气势磅礴的刑事法治革命，是一项恢宏的系统工程。

On the reason why physiological alcoholic should bear criminal liability for their actions prohibited by penal law, there exist two explanations: the theory of action libera in cause, the theory of the principle of social interests. The author holds that the physiological drunkenness should be attributed to the alcoholic, and hence they should bear the full penal liability according to the punishability of their action libera in cause because when the physiological alcoholics conduct the behaviors prohibited by the criminal law, subjectively they are far from faultless and at the same time, it is the purpose of penalty and a necessity of the penal policy.

关于生理醉酒人实施刑法所禁止的行为之所以应当负刑事责任的理论解释有"原因自由行为"说、本人认为生理醉酒是因可归责于醉酒人的原因所致，应根据原因自由行为的可罚性追究其完全的刑事责任。

Although the Talmudists made it a penal code, instinctively reading that character into it, the penal law of the Torah is something theoretical which was never put into practise.

虽然talmudists了刑法，本能地认为，读字符到它，刑法的诵读经文，是一些理论，这是从来没有付诸实行。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。