查询词典 pathway

The researchers also tried to find a chemical pathway by which the plants could make methane aerobically.

研究人员也尝试着去寻找植物在有氧环境下制造甲烷的化学机制。

The call developmental process of Psittacula agapornis consists of five instinct phases according to its call character. In the first phase （congenital cal1 phase, CCP, 0~12 day of age）, the juveniles only produce single syllable with short syllable length. The second phase（blank-model-forming phase,BMFP, 13~30 day of age） is important for formation of vocal learning pathways. During this phase, the calls characterized by more and longer syllables. In the third phase （call-model-forming phase,CMFP, 31~45 day of age）, the call development is guided by a model system for vocal learning, vocal learning is engendered so that some calls with multi-syllables with UP1 are produced, principal frequency has increased about by 920 cent, the number of note is double that of second phase. The short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories in the forth phase （call-feedback-learning phase,CFLP, 46~90 day of age）. The call of juveniles is a close match to tutor call which accompanied by double various sounds with BS and UP1, and more resonance components were formed. Second principal frequency has increased about by 970 cent, the number of note increases by 2.6~3.0 times. During the fifth phase （excellent call phase,ECP, after 91 d）, vocal motor pathway is developed and the calls are accompanied with most stable, harmonious vari-tone and complex repertoire.

牡丹鹦鹉的鸣声发育分为5个时期。0~12 d为先天性鸣声期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的单音节单音调声，声长短。13~30 d为空白模板形成期，鸣声特征为以基本音为主音的多音节单音调声，声长和音量显著性增加，表明发声学习通路开始形成。31~45 d为鸣声模板形成期，鸣声特征为以第1陪音（UP1）为主音的多音节单变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频提升约920音分，涵盖的律音数增加1倍，表明发声学习模板逐渐形成，发声学习开始。46~90 d为鸣声反馈学习期，鸣声特征为以BS和UP1为主音的双变调声，声长和音量显著性增加，主音频涵盖的律音数增加2.6~3.0倍，第2主音频提升约970音分，表明稳定模板逐渐形成，短期记忆逐渐向长期记忆转化。91 d后为完美鸣声期，鸣声特征为以UP1为主音的复合变音调声，声长、音量、主音频的提升和涵盖的律音数都趋于平稳，鸣声稳定而和谐，表明发声运动通路基本形成。

According to somephysiological characteristic in Camptotheca acuminata and several specific functionsof CPT, allene oxide cyclase, a key enzyme of jasmonites pathway, was isolated fromCamptotheca acuminata; mealwhile, it was investigated whether themRNA expression of CaAOC was related to the content of CPT in Camptothecaacuminata.

根据喜树自身的一些生理现象和喜树碱在其中可能参与的一些特殊作用，我们主要从喜树中克隆了茉莉酸合成途径的关键酶丙二烯氧化物环化酶(allene oxide cyclase，AOC)基因并考察了其对喜树碱含量的影响，同时还进行了其他方面的相关研究。

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship of the expression of bcl-2/bax and the acute rejection of small intestine transplantation ,And open up news pathway for diagnosising acute rejection of small intestine transplantation in earlier period-MethodsCreated 36 rat model of allogene small intestine transplantation by using inbred rat Wistar/A and F344/N.

目的 建立同种异基因大鼠小肠移植模型，检测术后移植小肠组织内凋亡基因Bcl-2和Bax的表达情况，探讨其与急性排斥反应之间的关系，为临床早期诊断急性排斥反应开辟新途径。方法选用近交系F_(344)／N和封闭群Wistar／A大鼠建立全小肠移植模型。

The study, led by Benjamin Alman from the Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, investigated the role of the beta-catenin signaling pathway, which activates T cell factor -dependent gene transcription, and which is known to have a key regulatory role in embryonic skeletal development.

这一研究的主要负责人是来自加拿大多伦多儿童医院的Benjamin Alman，他的小组主要研究了beta-catenin信号路径的作用，这一分子信号主要负责激活和T细胞因子相关的基因转录，而科学家们已经知道以上这一激活过程对于胚胎期间的骨骼形成起着关键的调控作用。

The study, led by Benjamin Alman from the Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, inestigated the role of the β-catenin signaling pathway, which actiates T cell factor -dependent gene transcription, and which is known to hae a key regulatory role in embryonic skeletal deelopment.

这项由来自多伦多儿童医院（Hospital For Sick Children？）的Benjamin Alman领导的研究调查了β连环蛋白信号通路的作用，这条通路能激活T细胞因子依赖的基因转录，并且被发现在胚胎骨骼发育中起关键作用。

The MMR deficient molecular pathway of carcinogenesis is associated with a histopathologic phenotype in ampullary cancer, similar to the one that has been well described in colon cancer.

MMR缺失，这个肿瘤发生机制的分子通路与壶腹部癌的组织病理表型有关，这与结肠癌相似。

DCs acquired by our reformed methods express both CD83 and CD 14 molecules highly, and have a higher density than other domestic reports. The higher TNF in DCs culture medium of HC patient suggests DCs in patient still have antigen presenting ability and by optimization the culture medium would improve its presenting ability and have a potential value in design and application individual vaccine. Although antigens pulsed DCs have a decrescent antigen presenting ability but BCG HSP70 could induce its mature and improve its presenting ability. Suggests BCG HSP70 would be a useful mature inducer. Lymphocytes primed by DCs based HC vaccine have the specific cytotoxicity against HCC lines. The CTL after freezing and anabiotic could prophylaxis and therapy HC xenograft on nude mouse. The results also suggests that CD4〓 lymphocytes play a important role in HC with a good differentiation and would be useful in treatment this kind of HC. After being activated by Peptide LLNQHACAV of hAFP and apoptotic HCCs pulsed DCs respectively, the culture medium of activated lymphocytes both contains a high level Th1 cytokines IL-12 and TNF. Primed lymphocytes appeared a characteristic of NK cells. DCs not only inhibited the growth of human HCC and other cancer cells in vitro but also prevented the growth of HC xenograft on nude mouse in vivo. There are at least three kinds of mechanism playing important role in DC based vaccine ,there are inhibition of DCs, HC specific CTL and cytokines pathway.

诱导出的DC共同表达CD83和CD14分子，CD83分子表达明显高于国内报道；肝癌患者DC培养上清中TNF水平高于健康人，提示肝癌患者DC仍具一定的抗原呈递能力，适当调控可使其行使APC功能，以期在肝癌个体化疫苗中发挥作用；DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后，抗原呈递能力降低，BCG HSP70可促进DC成熟，增加其抗原呈递能力，预示BCG HSP70有可能成为促进DC活化和成熟的另一重要分子；肝癌DC疫苗在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化的淋巴细胞在体外对肝癌细胞的杀伤以特异性CTL为主，同时分泌较高水平Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并抑制4种肝癌细胞生长；冷冻复苏后的肝癌特异性淋巴细胞可以预防和抑制人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤，提示DC负载肝癌可溶性抗原后诱发的MHC-Ⅱ类限制性CD4〓T细胞有可能在分化程度高的肝癌治疗中发挥作用；用DC和HLA-A2〓DC分别负载凋亡肝癌细胞和hAFP218-226位LLNQHACAV HLA-A2限制性九肽，在体外诱导肝癌特异性淋巴细胞，活化后的CTL细胞分泌较高水平的Th1型细胞因子IL-12和TNF，并具较强杀伤活性，此CTL同时具备NK细胞特征；DC对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用可能是通过吞噬实现的，Fas-L在DC抑制中也起一定作用；DC对人肝癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤的抑制率为97％；在肝癌DC疫苗的作用中，至少联合3种以上机制，即通过DC的直接作用、肝癌特异性CTL和细胞因子途径直接或间接地杀伤和抑制肝癌细胞。

The results revealed that iontophoresis could significantly improve the penetration of SLN. The fluorescence of images indicated that the accumulation and the depth of QDs-SLN reached in skin increased with times. Anodal delivery of QDs-SLN resulted in a higher accumulation of QDs-SLN in skin than those of cathodal delivery. Furthermore, the vertical images of skin showed that fluorescence assemble in follicle and dermis, indicating that follicle and the junctions between the corneocyte clusters provide the pathway for SLN penetration into skin.

QDs-SLN在皮肤中的滞留量及透皮深度随离子导入时间的增加而增大；正极导入时，QDs-SLN在皮肤深层组织中的含量较高；通过荧光显微镜对垂直于皮肤表面的纵切猪耳全皮中QDs-SLN的分布情况进行考察，结果提示皮肤附属器及角质层中蛋白簇间的结合部位可能为SLN的透皮路径。

The threshold of VEMP was used to determine pressure or sound sensitive vertigo; the abnormal inter-aural latency was seen mainly in the cerebellopontine angle occupying disorders; the anormal amplitude and latency had no specificity and appeared in disorders involved the pathway of inferior vestibular nerve.

VEMP的阈值检查主要用于压力或声音敏感性眩晕；耳间潜伏期的异常主要见于桥-小脑角占位病变；振幅和潜伏期的异常一般没有特异性，可见于累及前庭下神经的病变。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷