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Results showed that the size of particles was in the range of 10~30 nm and all the particles were anatase crystals having shapes of rectangle, spindle and puncheon, etc.

结果表明：所得颗粒大小为10~30nm，形状有长方形、纺锤形、短柱形等，且颗粒均为锐钛矿型晶体。

The use of OpenGL to write the pyrotechnic particle system by adding speed and particle acceleration and color control, package of building other types of particles in the framework, the development of other particles can be used as a reference system.

详细说明：使用OpenGL写的烟火粒子系统，加入了速度和加速度和粒子颜色的控制，封装了构建其他粒子的类框架，可作为开发其他粒子系统的参考。

The messenger of the electromagnetic force is the photon with zero mass; the weak force that accounts for radioactive disintegration and causes the sun and the stars to shine is carried by the heavy W and Z boson particles; while the strong force is carried by gluon particles, which see to it that the atom nuclei hold together.

电磁力的信使是零质量的光子，弱作用力可以用来说明辐射衰变和太阳和恒星发光，其信使是重W和Z玻色子。

This dissertation involves the study of the growth dynamics of colloidal particles under unequilibrium and irreversibility condition. Firstly, it is of interest to investigate whether the ideal diffusion or reaction-limited aggregation universal behavior can be observed for the initially polydisperse practical system of basic yttrium carbonate as well. The fractal structure of basic yttrium carbonate aggregate cluster was observed using transmission eletron microscopy. The aggregation kinetics of basic yttrium carbonate colloids was studed using dynamic 1ight-scattering techniques. At 1.00mol/l NaCl solution the fast diffusion-limited aggregation behavior was observed with an increase in the aggregate size over time described by a power law. The aggregates are characterized by a fractal dimension D=1.82. The disordered and ramified cluster is consisted of primary colloidal particles and tenuous and more open. These are in good agreement with those observed for other colloidal system such as colloidal gold (1.86), silica (1.85) and polystyrene latex (1.82) in diffusion-limited aggregation from the static and dynamic light scattering by Lin. Therefore ideal diffusion-limited aggregation behavior can be observed in practical polydisperse system as well. Smoluchwski and fractal theories were used to obtain the aggregation rate constant for initially polydisperse system for the first time.

本论文研究胶粒的非平衡不可逆聚集动态学，分为两个部分，第一部分是通过实验研究一个新的初始多分散的碱式碳酸钇胶粒实际体系中，聚集标度性质的普适性，即使用透射电子显微技术观测聚集粒子簇的分形结构，使用动态激光光散射研究碱式碳酸钇胶粒的聚集动力学，胶粒带电而产生静电排斥作用使得碱式碳酸钇胶粒处于稳定状态，当加入电解质NaCl溶液时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒间的Debye-Hückel屏蔽距离缩短，从而降低静电排斥能垒，引起胶粒发生不可逆聚集，加入电解质NaCl的浓度为1.00mol/l时，碱式碳酸钇胶粒进行快速聚集，经历扩散控制聚集机理，形成结构疏松、更为开放的分形聚集粒子簇，其分形维数为1.82，碱式碳酸钇胶粒聚集增长动力学遵循幂函数增长规律，与Lin等使用静态激光光散射和动态激光光散射测量硅胶(1.85)、金胶(1.86)和聚苯乙烯胶乳(1.82)在扩散控制聚集状态形成聚集粒子簇的分形维数值以及粒子簇聚集增长的动力学规律相一致，表明胶粒聚集标度性质的普适性质在初始多分散的实际体系中也是存在的，首次由动态激光光散射的实验数据得到初始多分散胶粒分形粒子簇的聚集速率常数，并且其值与Smoluchowski聚集速率理论预期相符。

Therefore, we proposed that the nanowires fabricated through our approach grow mainly by an Ostwald ripening mechanism, namely the dissolution of fine particles and their redeposition on larger particles, and then forming nanowires along one direction.

由此，我们提出Mn〓O〓纳米线主要按Ostwald成熟机制生长，即小粒子溶于并分散在熔剂盐中，然后小粒子重新沉积在大粒子上，在熔盐环境中沿一定的方向堆积而生长成纳米线。

5As for creep of the marine soft soil, the micro-mechanism of one-dimension creep is proposed: Under slight load, the initial bone strength and rank will be destroyed, while, as the time advances, deformation increases, void ratio decreases and inner particles move, bonding among particles become tight and the structure changes, and then the restitute of the old structural damage exceeds the new one. Consequently, creep will trend towards decelerate steady state ultimately.

揭示了软土一维蠕变的微观机理：当土样受荷较小时，尽管土样初始结构要受到影响，某些颗粒连结强度、胶结性、定向排列性遭到破坏，但随着时间的增长，变形增大，孔隙比减小，土体内部颗粒发生位移，使得某些颗粒结构间的联结更紧，胶结因而逐渐恢复，定向排列性亦略有回升，从而使得结构缺陷的愈合超过胶结的破坏和新缺陷的形成，蠕变最后趋于减速稳定状态。

Based on the research, the quantity of sandlot"s dust samples is concentrated in 150cm height below, and primarily are the middle and lager particles, so sandlot"s transmission of small particles is less than the other three surfaces in 150cm height above.

2经测定，在150cm高度层以下沙地风蚀物含量较大，但由于沙地地表颗粒组成以中砂粒和细砂粒为主，因而在150cm高度层以上沙地的输沙量低于其它三种地表。

The experiments show that the PS and PSD of particles produced by SAA process can be controlled by adjusting process parameters, and among them, the pressure of the saturator used has the most effect on the PS and PSD, while the temperature of the saturator has the least effect. When using ethanol as solvent, the optimum operating conditions of using SAA process to produce erythromycin micro-particles from erythromycin-ethanol-CO2 system were found as follows. The pressure and temperature of the saturator are 10.5MPa and 70℃, respectively, the inlet flow rate and the concentration of inlet solution of the precipitator are 9 mLmin^(-1) and 15mgmL^(-1), respectively.

实验结果表明：选用乙醇做溶剂可制备出粒径在1~3μm的红霉素超细微粒，大部分微粒形态呈完整的球形；各影响因素对微粒粒径及粒径分布均有不同程度的影响，其中混合器压力对微粒粒径及粒径分布的影响最明显，混合器温度的影响最小，微粒粒径及粒径分布可通过改变操作参数进行控制；在本研究范围内，最优操作条件为混合器压力10.5MPa，混合器温度70℃，溶液浓度15mgmin^(1)，进液速度9mLmin^(1)。

Now, most of us think that, in addition to these septillion or so particles arranged in statue form, there also exists a septillion-and-first entity, namely the statue itself, which is composed of the septillion particles.

现在，我们大多认为，随着这些巨量的粒子排列成雕像的形状，也存在了一个由巨量粒子组成的可以称为"复合东西『是巨量粒子的，但作为这个东西是第一次的』"的"雕像"本身。

The positive side is that cations make gel particles smaller and the cation bridge linkage between gel particles is formed. So the strength of sodium silicate is 10～12 times higher than that of silicic acid.

好的影响是它能使胶粒细化，胶粒间存在阳离子桥连接，使前者的机械强度比后者大10～12倍。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。