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It has been found that during the spark plasma sintering process, under the condition of large current, short sintering time and lower sintering temperature, the metastable icosahedron quasicrystal phase in primary powder particles is kept. And the strong discharge plasma among particles can decompose or break the oxide film on the primary powder's surface, resulting in the increment of their combination strength. So the as-prepared bulk alloy possesses high density and ultra-high strength.

结果表明，在放电等离子烧结过程中，采用大电流、短时、低温的烧结条件可使快冷雾化法制备的原始合金粉末中的准晶强化相及其它细小强化相得以保存，而局域强放电等离子体可以分解或破碎铝合金粉末表面的氧化膜，使合金粉末颗粒间的结合强度增加，制备出的块体铝合金具有高的致密度和超高强度。

Compared with the film produced under the normal incidence, the number of the large particles for films fabricated at the deposition angle of 30° decreases greatly and the nano-particles with better distribution and more uniform particle size are formed after high temperature treatment.

经过高温热处理，相比于垂直沉积的纳米薄膜， 30°倾斜沉积制备的薄膜微观结构中大晶粒的数量显著下降，形成颗粒分布较好的纳米颗粒薄膜。

According to this understanding, this thesis tries to modify PSO algorithm in order to improve its quality of solutions. The main approches include: using uniform design to ensure the uniform distribution of initial particles in the design space; adding mutation operation to increase the diversity of particles; decreasing the maximum velocity limitation and the velocity inertia automatically to balance the local and the global search efforts; developing a new approach to treat the design variables exceeding the bounds; using extensive local searches to escape local minimum. The overall effect of these approaches can yield better results for most test problems.

有鉴於此，本文针对粒子群演化法之流程参考相关文献并稍作改变，使得粒子群演算法在结果的收敛上更具优势，本文的主要改进的方法包括：应用均匀设计的概念使得初始的粒子可以更均匀地分布在空间上；利用突变增加粒子之间的差异性与多样性；利用适当控制的最大速度限制及惯性权重控制，达到区域搜寻与全域搜寻的效果；应用新的边界处理机制处理设计变数超过上、下限的问题；利用区域强化搜寻针对粒子附近地区，再作进一步的搜索以得到更佳之结果；将各种方法综合后配合粒子群演算法使用，可以得到不错的结果。

Especially, just direct mechanical intermix can in some degree induce fragmentation of clay particles to form some nanodimension dispersed particles.

直接混炼也会造成粘土晶层一定程度的剥离，从而在基质中产生一些纳米尺度的分散质。

From K-G Equation and Dirac equation,using 2-D invariant line element, the radius equation and event horizon formula of particles are obtained.A simpler method to the research of quantum effect of the scalar and vector particles in black hole with spherical symmetry is singgested.

分别从K-G方程和Dirac方程入手，利用简化后的二维不变线元，直接给出了粒子的径向方程和视界面方程公式，为研究球对称黑洞中标量粒子和矢量粒子的量子效应提供了一个更简单的方法。

We argue that the wave-particle duality of microscopic particles perhaps results from the intrinsic energy conservation and conversion inside the particles. We point out that there\\\\\\\s a critical flaw both in electromagnetic field theory and Coulomb\\\\\\\s inverse square law.

在详细分析了宏观质点简谐运动的基础上，仍以能量守恒和转换定律为出发点，阐明微观粒子的波动过程必须时刻满足能量守恒定律，指出传统的电磁场理论和库仑定律都存在瑕疵。

Also, one researcher claims that electric fields from power lines ionize particles in the air, and these particles are carcinogenic.

此外，一名研究人员声称，从电场电力线电离粒子在空气中，这些粒子是致癌物质。

In operation, the outlet air preferably flows past the ionizer needle 34, charging particles remaining in the initially filtered air with an electrical charge such that the particles are attracted to a surface or to each other and generally do not remain suspended within the air.

在操作中，出口空气优选地流经电离子针34，利用电荷使保持在初始过滤空气中的微粒带电，以便使微粒被吸引到表面上或彼此吸引，从而通常不会再保持并悬浮在空气中。

However, the ionizer needle 34 is preferably mounted to the outlet channel 30a to charge particles as they flow out of the louvered vent 16a such that the particles are attracted to an oppositely charged object and generally do not remain suspended in the air or the room.

然而，电离子针34优选地安装于出口通道30a上，以便当气流流出百叶式通风口16a时向微粒提供电荷，从而微粒可以被反向电荷物体吸引而不会悬浮并残留在空气中或房间内。

In IPSO,to update the particles,the crossover idea of genetic algorithm is utilized by particles to exchange information.

算法中，利用遗传算法的交叉思想来完成粒子间的信息交换，以期达到粒子更新。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。