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The small particles of Amberlite XAD-2 resin were prepared as follows; the commercially obtained resin (20-50mesh) was ground and the particles between 100and 200 mesh were collected by sieving and repeated decantation.

小颗粒Amberlite XAD - 2树脂编写了如下的商业获得树脂（ 20 - 50mesh ）的地面和粒子之间100and 200目收集筛选和反复decantation 。

This paper studies the main geometrical parameter such as angle, height, width, stagger and the upper width in dentation and trapezoid flow path, firstly, uses the single-phase numerical simulation of the computational fluid dynamics technique to analyse the influence of different geometrical parameter on discharge coefficient and flow state exponent of drip emitter. Secondly, uses the two-phases numerical simulation of CFD (1% sand content ) to analyse the influence of the above mentioned geometrical parameter on the contribution regulation of sand and anti-clogging performance. Thirdly, uses the PIV （ particle Tracking Velocimetry ） technique which can see the small-scale flow path to observe and test the trajectories and velocities of solid particles in labyrinth flow path, and analyses the basic factors which can influence the movement characteristic of solid particles and the flow state in flow path.

本文以齿形流道、梯形流道为主要研究对象，以流道转角、流道高，流道宽、偏差量及梯形流道上底宽为主要结构参数，首先应用 CFD 单相流数值模拟技术对不同结构参数灌水器流道水力性能进行模拟，分析了不同结构参数对流态指数和流量系数的影响，其次，应用 CFD 两相流（含沙量为1%）数值模拟技术分析了结构参数对含沙量分布规律和抗堵塞性能的影响，然后，应用 PIV 可视化测试方法测试了固体颗粒在流道内运行轨迹及速度，分析了影响固体颗粒运动特性及流道内流体流态的基本因素，最后，对上述流道结构形式通过模具加工及滴灌带试制，进行了标准化测试（ GB/T 17187-1997 农业灌溉设备滴头技术规范和试验方法与 ISO 标准 ISO /TC23 /SC18 /WG5N4短周期堵塞测试程序），测试结果验证了 CFD 模拟结果，并提出了迷宫结构流道灌水器的抗堵塞设计方法。

The results showed that the internal structure of the composite was changed obviously and the dispersion of OMMT in the matrix was improved significantly. The mechanical properties of the composite samples were improved. The impact strength, which being parallel to the shear direction, of the PP/OMMT particles was increased by 740% than that of pure PP particles.

结果表明：在振动场的强烈作用下，复合材料的内部聚集态结构明显变化，蒙脱土在基体中的分散性得到有效改善，复合材料的力学性能得到提高，制件沿剪切流动方向的冲击强度比纯PP制件提高了740%。

The results show that the particles character as the growth of anion coordination tetrahedron during solvent thermal treatment, where blende-type ZnS particle is in the shape of double cone or tetrahedron, blend-type CdS appears as the tetrahedron, but wurtzite-type CdS is in the shape of cone. In addition, the particles with the better crystallinity are obtained with the increase of solvent thermal treatment temperature and time.

结果表明：采用溶剂热处理，粉末形状呈现负离子配位多面体生长特征，闪锌矿型ZnS粉末由球形变为双锥状或四面体状，颗粒上有明显的电子衍射花纹；闪锌矿型CdS晶体粉末主要呈四面体形状，而纤锌矿型CdS晶体粉末则以锥状为主，并且粉末的晶型随溶剂热处理温度的升高和时间的延长更趋于完整。

Firstly, single bubble in the dense zone of fluidized bed was simulated, the second is the curve of the fluid particle, the third is solid space ratio distribution, the fourth is particles velocity vectorgraph and particles volume fraction, the fifth is grain press drop and rapid kinetic energy and rapid kinetic energy dissipation ration.

模拟了反应器中气泡的产生、形成、发展及爆裂，流体质点在运动过程中走过的曲线，炉膛内固相空隙率的分布，床内颗粒浓度场和速度场的分布，床内压降的分布，湍动能和湍动能耗散率。

The dried materials after the de-watering will go up with the heat-air flow. The step rings will stop and keep the big particles. Small particles will be discharged out of the drier from the ring center and will be restored by the whirl separator and dust remover. The not-fully-dried or big piece materials will be sent to the wall of the equipment by centrifugal force function and be smashed again after they fall down to the bottom.

脱水后的干物料随热气流上升，分级环将大颗粒截留，小颗粒从环中心排出干燥器外，由旋风分离器和除尘器回收，未干透或大块物料受离心力作用甩向器壁，重新落到底部被粉碎干燥。

The electronic stopping and nuclear stopping are well known ionization, excitation and elastic collision of particles, the nuclear reaction stopping comes from the contribution of secondary particles emitted from nuclei during nuclear reaction.

对铁离子在水中产生的能量沉积和铁离子与水介质发生核反应后产生的次级碎片的能量沉积进行了模拟研究，得到了通过核反应过程产生次级粒子所导致的剂量贡献。

The larger particles contained in the pulverized product which has advanced into the elutriation device 2 are precipitated at the bottom portion of the elutriation device 2 and sucked by the sand pump 6 to also be returned to the tower shell 1 wherein the larger particles are again subjected to pulverization and leaching.

较大的颗粒在煤粉产品已经迈入了淘洗装置 2 沉淀在底层部分的淘洗装置 2 则是将由砂泵 6 也应该归还给塔壳里一大颗粒再次遭受为了粉碎和浸出。

Elver detests the feed with larger particles. If the elver ate the feed with the particles in diameter of 70 micrometers, more than 60%feed would be spat.

仔鳗对饲料中的大颗粒极为反感，当饲料中出现直径为70 μm的组分时，被仔鳗摄入口中的饲料有60%以上被吐出。

The main research work of this paper are focused on following areas:(1) Based on review of the theory and methods on measurements of particle fields, a new idea for obtaining particle size and velocity distribution within a spray through imaging the particle field with a laser light sheet was put forward;(2) A DPIV (Digital Particle Image Velocimetry) system, is fit for velocity measurements of low speed flows, was developed and expended to particle size distribution measurement;(3) An arithmetic for particle velocity field reconstruction was developed, and the velocity distribution of water mist was also obtained;(4) A software system for particle analysis, which based on image geometry emend, de-noise and image partition was developed, the parameters such as particle size distribution, mean diameter, number of particles, minimum and maximum diameter can be got with this system;(5) A water mist system was developed and its characteristics, such as droplet velocity, size distribution, number of droplets and spray cone angle under different conditions were obtained from experiments with PIVS;(6) The measurement results of water mist characteristics with PIVS were compared and analyzed with the simply simulated results, and in addition, in order to verify the accuracy of PIVS, some experiments were conducted with the standard particles, such as glass-ball with known mean diameter of 50μm and 115μm, metallic coated tracing particle with mean diameter of 12μm;(7) Some experimental studies on interaction of water mist with liquid pool fires were conducted.

本论文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：（1）在对粒子场测量的相关理论和具体方法进行综述分析的基础上，提出了通过采用激光片光对粒子场进行成像以获取其粒径和速度等参数分布的新思路；（2）研制了适宜于低速流动速度场测量的DPIV(Digital Particle Image Velocimetry)系统，并使其实现了对粒子场粒径分布的测量功能；（3）研制了基于粒子运动轨迹的速度场重建算法，获取了细水雾雾场的速度分布；（4）研制了基于几何校正、去噪、图象分割等图象处理方法的"粒度分析软件系统"，该系统既可分析给出粒子场的粒径分布直方图和平均粒径，还可给出粒子的数目以及最大、最小粒径等信息；（5）建立了一细水雾发生系统，并应用上述方法对不同压力条件下细水雾系统的雾场特性（如速度分布、雾滴粒径分布、雾滴的数目、喷雾张角以及雾化长度等）进行了实验测量研究；（6）对细水雾特性参数的PIVS测量结果与计算机简单模拟计算结果进行了定性比较分析，并利用平均粒径为50μm和115μm的玻璃球以及12μm的标准示踪粒子对PIVS系统的粒径和速度测量结果进行了实验验证，同时对其局限性进行了分析讨论；（7）对不同工况条件下细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程进行了模拟实验研究。

Objective:To explore the feasibility of laparoscopy in diagnosing and treating of abdominal diseases.

目的：探讨腹腔镜用以诊断腹部外科疾病及选择治疗方案的可行性。

The lifetime of nylon 1010 and nylon 1010/POSS composites decreased with increasing temperature.

热重-红外联用分析表明尼龙1010在氮气气氛下的降解产物主要为小分子的低聚物，POSS并不改变尼龙1010降解产物的组成。