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Amateurism was determined by adherence to the amateur rule, which was originally devised in the 19th century to prevent working class athletes from participating in sports such as rowing and tennis.

所谓业余就是要遵守业余原则。该原则是19世纪制订的，以防止工人阶级运动员参加诸如划船和网球的比赛。

Coubertin and the IOC intended from the start for the Olympics to be open only to amateurs . Amateurism was determined by adherence to the amateur rule , which was originally devised in the 19th century to prevent working-class athletes from participating in sports such as rowing and tennis .

顾拜旦和国际奥委会从现代奥林匹克运动一开始就打算只接受业余运动员参赛，业余性是由于坚持业余竞赛规则而决定的，业余规则最初是在l9世纪为了不让职业运动员参加划船和网球这样的项目而制定的。

Both of the phenomena indicate that in classroom teaching teachers carry out much of the talk while students don't show much of the active participation; 2 in carrying out speech acts, the Question and Answer Mode (No.4 and 8 Act) is rather monotonous, and the Creative Inquiry Mode of the T-S Speech Interaction in classroom teaching seldom occurs; there does exist plenty of interaction in primary school classes, however, much of this is sponsored and maintained by teachers, while the students, participating in a passive way(No.8), are lack of initiation and creative thinking(No.9 Act).

这两种现象说明了同一个问题，即课堂上教师直接施加的影响较多而学生主动积极的参与较少。2、实施言语行为互动的模式多为"问与答模式"（序对4、8），相对单一，而"创造性询答模式"在课堂教学师生互动中很少出现；在小学英语课堂教学中确实存在大量的互动，但往往由教师发起并维持(第4类行为：教师提问)，学生只是被动参与（第8类行为：学生话语—教师驱动），缺乏主动性及创造性思维（第9类行为：学生话语—学生主动）。

Results: For those taxi drivers participating in this research, the start of their areca quid chewing was associated with the social context of their early residence and their early work environment.

结果：本研究发现参与研究的计程车司机会开始嚼槟榔，主要是与其早期居住地的邻里、社区之社会环境以及早期职业环境有关。

Argonaut's new process chemistry system will be designed to deliver a fully automated process development solution with each participating company receiving one or more of the development tools at the end of the collaboration.

加入这个Pfizer和ICI.Argonaut新工艺化学系统，在合作结束后，可以为多家所属公司设计出完全自动化的工艺开发解决方案和一件或多见开发工具。

Since end of 1960s EC has been participating international activities in humanit arianism aid .

从 2 0世纪 60年代末开始，欧共体开始参与国际社会人道主义援助活动。

Participating in the art and becoming a part of an artistic work is indeed a very attractive theme.

参与艺术、成为艺术品的一部分可以说是一个非常具有号召力的主题。

For Ashery not only dons her alter ego, but also plays the role of ethnographer as we accompany her into Hasidic festivals in Israel where women and outsiders are prohibited from participating.

因为阿瑟瑞不仅变容，而且还扮演了民族志学者的角色，因为她带领我们进入了不允许女人和外人参加的以色列哈西德派宗教节。

Gradually, Francisco began hanging out with other kids at recess and participating in class.

渐渐的弗朗西斯科开始去上课并且在放假时跟其他孩子一起出去玩。

Despite the presence of more risk factors, the extent of atheroma in women with angiographic CAD is less than in men in subjects participating in clinical trials that employed serial assessments with IVUS.

虽然女性患者有更多的危险因素，然而，通过IVUS连续测量发现，与男性相比，参与临床试验并经血管造影证实有冠脉疾病的女性患者的粥样硬化斑块更少。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。