查询词典 parliamentarism

Centralism ; legislation ; civil system ; parliamentarism

中央集权制；立法；文官制度；议会制

This article aims to set out basic outline of Schmitt's conception of constitution, and examine his critique on democracy, parliamentarism,"Rechtsstaat", liberalism and pluralism in order to figure out optional clues by reflecting the causes and possible solutions to the problems of contemporary constitutionalism.

本文的目的即在於探究史密特对於宪法概念之理解与界定，藉此审视史密特如何基於此等宪法理论而对於民主、代议体制、市民法治国思想、自由主义、多元主义等当代宪政主义思想之核心内涵进行批判，试图从中获致反思当代宪政主义所面临难题之成因与解决可能途径的另类线索。

From the pursuing of the"democratic island"in central Asian to the occuring of"Tulip Revolution",and from the believing inwestern democracy to centralized regime.from the blindfold imitation of exoticcivilization to relapsation into the circle of"democratic-authoritical"as the useless ofmany kinds of systems,and from too much modification in law to the uncertainingabout"presidentialism"and"parliamentarism"to cause a weak regime and so on.

由中亚"民主岛"的狂热追求到"郁金香革命"的骤然发生，由奉西方自由民主制度为圭臬到集权政体的回归，由对外来文明的盲从模仿到因制度"叠合"的无效性而陷入"民主——专制"的怪圈，由多次修宪到至今尚未厘清"总统制"与"议会制"而塑造了一个模糊不清的脆弱的政权体系，凡此等等，像吉尔吉斯斯坦这样政治转型所表现出的大起大落、摇摆不定等现象在后苏联转型国家中并不多见。

Choosing parliamentarism, not choosing "Hyperparliamentarism", choosing presidentialism, not choosing "Hyperpresidentialism", even not choosing "Enlightened Despotism" and any political kind of authoritarianism or totalitarianism.

所以选择议会制，而不能是"超议会制"；选择总统制，也不能是"超总统制"，更不能是"开明专制"、"训政"等威权或极权政治模式。

In the same way, the reason why the British politicians now in England find it difficult to govern Ireland and India, is because modern Englishmen today do not know that it was not British democracy, the British Constitution or Parliamentarism, but the British or English civilization with the "gentleman" and its ideal; in short, that it was not the British mob, but the British or English gentleman who built up the great British Empire of today. But that is neither here nor there.

同样，不列颠"无名战士"，新近葬入英国西敏寺，驱走恶魔，封建德国狂怒之条顿人，目今英国之不列颠政客，之所以觉爱尔兰及印度难治者，盖因今日现代英国人不知，今日大不列颠帝国之所以成者，既非不列颠之民主、亦非不列颠之政体或议会制度，而乃不列颠或英格兰文明蕴有"温良"及其理想之故也；简言之，今日大不列颠帝国之所以成者，非不列颠群氓之功，而乃不列颠或英格兰温良秉性之士之功也。

Laws by Decree" reflects a monarchy, presidential, or proletarian dictatorship;"HMS Government", a Constitutional Monarchy;"Parliamentarism, a Democracy.

天命政权"指代君主制、Presidential Dictatorship或者无产阶级专政；"陛下之政府"指代君主立宪政体；"议会政治指代民主政体。

Listen,point and check your answers.

听，指出并且检查你的答案。

Warming needle is one of effective treatment methods for knee arthralgia aggravated by cold,and it is simple,safety,so it should be developed in clinical acupuncture and moxibustion extensively.

但以本院科针灸门诊在2005年1月—2006年6月期间共收治膝痛患者100余例，经过临床的诊断后，其中施以温针治疗的48例，疗效显著，报道如下。1临床资料本组病例48