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As the complete characteristic curves of reversible pump turbine are often used to calculate the instantaneous parameters, this paper studies the characteristic curve and the wicket closure and opening law in pumped storage plants.Chapter 1 presents the importance and the necessity of this study and reviews the previous related research on hydraulic transient process and valve regulation in pumped storage plants.Chapter 2 analyzes the six collected characteristic curves of reversible pumped turbine and studies their diversification from the point of view of specific speed. The six collected discharge and moment curves with maximum efficiency have been fitted to piecewise continuous curves. This curve-fitting procedure is listed.Chapter 3 takes Liyang Pumped storage plant as an example and analyzes the effect of different characteristic curves on regulation guarantee parameters and the variety of its trochoid during the same operation status.Chapter 4 takes three pumped storage plants with different heads as examples and studies the characteristic of coordinated closure with wicket gate and ball valve and its effect on dynamic pressure in the spiral case, inlet pressure in the draft tube and the rise of rotating speed.Chapter 5 summarizes this paper and point out what should be done in the future research.

由于在过渡过程分析计算中，需要频繁利用可逆式机组的全特性曲线推求机组的瞬时参数，所以本文就特性曲线及关闭规律问题进行了研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水力过渡过程、抽水蓄能电站及阀调节的研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，针对收集到的六套特性曲线，从比转速的角度出发来研究可逆式机组特性曲线的变化规律；并对六套曲线的最高效率流量和力矩曲线进行分段拟合，得到各分段函数的具体形式，再通过举例说明最高效率曲线的拟合步骤；第3章，以溧阳抽水蓄能电站为实例，分析讨论不同比转速特性曲线对调保参数造成的影响及对于相同工况其轨迹线的变化；第4章，结合高、中、低三水头段抽水蓄能电站，在导叶直线关闭的基础上，研究导叶与球阀协联关闭规律的特点及对蜗壳动水压力、尾水管进口压力及转速上升造成的影响；第5章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

By the help of numerical analysis and graphic recognition, Duffing-van der Pol non-linear vibration system with 9 parameters has been researched, the Graphic User Interface contains initial conditions, 9 parameters, power spectrums, trochoid chart of phase portraits, Poincaré mapping, analogous dynamic graph of displacements and the analogous vibration graph of mass blocks, the various dynamic characteristics of the non-linear vibration can be attained, which makes it possible to fully implement the visualized computer experiments and study of Duffing-van der Pol non-linear vibration system.

因为混沌运动十分复杂，在研究和模拟混沌运动的过程中，不但要进行大量的数值计算，而且要将计算结果直观地展示出来以便观察混沌现象，完成这一任务非计算机不可。自从洛伦茨利用计算机发现了第一个混沌吸引子以后，30多年来正是有赖于计算机技术的发展，促使混沌的研究取得迅速的发展。另一方面，混沌运动是确定性系统中出现的一种貌似随机的现象，走向混沌有其独特的过程，只有展示出它的演化过程，才能很好地了解混沌运动。也就是说，混沌是一门关于过程、演化的科学而不是一门关于状态、存在的科学。因此，只有利用计算机才能将混沌的动态过程和演化的方式真正地体现出来。

The relationship between the error signal and gain parameters of PID controller is nonlinear, and , a normal controlled system＇ s step response figure , under the condition of ideal change of the three PID gain parameters in the different time , PID con troller.

但是，目前使用的PID控制器大多仍是传统的线性PID 控制器，其控制信号是通过将参考输入与被调节量的偏差及其微分、积分进行简单的线性组合来生成的，而且PID控制器的增益参数在系统动态响应过程中是固定不变的，不能反映偏差信号的变化l2j。

Based on the SM-model of the truncated pyramid, the SPIF processes with different parameters were simulated. And the process parameters on changes in the thickness, plastic deformation region, forming force and so on were reseached.

基于方锥台件局部有限元分析模型，对不同工艺参数下的成形过程进行仿真，研究工艺参数板材厚度变化、塑性变形区、以及成形力等的影响关系。

The results show that the main factors affecting on the position errors of PCB air-core coils are the coil's structure parameters (number of turns and the ratio of the outside diameter to the inside diameter of toroidal coils) and the position parameters (eccentric distance and gradient).

结果表明，线圈结构参数和位置参数是影响PCB空心线圈位置误差的主要因素。

The result shows that the specific thrust performance of ITB engine is better;the specific f uel consumption curve is toning down with the varied cycle parameters mentioned above, the range which cycle parameters can b e selected is wider than that of conventional engine.

结果表明：这些循环参数变化时，涡轮级间燃烧室发动机单位推力增长幅度较大，耗油率性能变化曲线趋于平缓，发动机综合性能提升，循环参数的可供选择范围变宽。

If adopting the reliability analysis approach for geotechnical engineering, the uncertainness of various influencing factors, especially uncertainness of geotechnical parameters and calculated approach must be considered. Based on these two influencing factors, it is thoroughly studied of the probability characteristic of geotechnical parameters and the reliability of limited bearing capacity of single pile, and a set of idiographic method and approach of reliability analysis is built based much engineering data collected in Hangzhou area.

对岩土工程采用可靠度设计方法，需要综合考虑各种影响因素的不确定性，尤其是土性参数的不确定性和计算方法的不确定性，本文针对这两方面因素，在收集杭州地区大量工程资料的基础上，对土性参数概率特征及单桩极限承载力可靠度进行了详细研究，建立了一套可靠度分析的具体方法和途径。

After it is proved that the fractal dimensions are stable characteristic parameters of images, and there is correlation between them in undeformed and deformed states, the fractal correlation function are found for displacement measurement, which the correlation parameters are Box Dimensions.

在确定了变形前后数字散斑图像的分形维数之间具有相关性，而且其分形维数是稳定的特征参数之后，以图像的盒维数为相关参数进行互相关运算而形成分形相关函数。即利用变形前后数字散斑图像的分形维数序列做为相关参数进行相关运算，实现位移测量。

Methods A total of 60 patients with acute stroke of less than 24 h duration were included in the study. Nutrition risk screening was done in all those patients, with nutritional parameters to evaluate their nutritional status. Nutritional parameters were evaluated at admission and after 14, 28 d after the stroke, respectively. Results We found 15 cases with nutrition risk of 60 patients in admission, and incidence rate of undernutrition is 13.3%.

收集我院急性脑卒中患者60例，均进行营养风险筛查评分，检测营养学的指标来评定其营养状况，对存在营养风险和营养不良的患者均进行常规脑卒中治疗和营养支持，在住院14d、28d后再进行营养风险评分和相应指标的检测，分析营养风险评分与营养评价指标的检测在临床工作中的作用。

Studied the solid particles cyclone separation under structural parameters and operating parameters of different hydrocyclone, the results showed that major factor influence split ratio is in the ratio of entrance to exit pressure of hydrocyclone. Exit pressure has a certain influence on the split ratio, the various of the diameter and cone angle of hydrocyclone (in the ratio of entrance to exit pressure is constant) have no influence on split ratio; With diameter and cone angle increase, the separation granularity gradually increasing and recovery ratio decreasing; With entrance pressure increase, the separation granularity of hydrocyclone decrease, the split ratio of underset will increase slowly; With the diameter of overflow pipe increase, the separation granularity of hydrocyclone increasing and recovery ratio decreasing; With the diameter of underset pipe increasing, the separation granularity of hydrocyclone decreasing and recovery ratio increasing.

在不同的水力旋流器结构参数和操作参数下，对固体颗粒的旋流分离进行了分析研究，结果表明：旋流器的排出口比是影响分流比的主要因素，进口压力对分流比有一定影响，水力旋流器的直径变化和锥段角度变化对分流比基本上没有影响；随着直径、锥段角度的增大，分离粒度逐渐增大，回收率降低；随着入口压力增大，水力旋流器的分离粒度变小，底流的分流比会缓慢增加；随着溢流管管径的增加，分离粒度增大，分流比明显减小，回收率降低；随着底流管直径的增加，分离粒度减小，分级效果明显下降，回收率会增加。

Summary In copyright infringement cases,if the alleged infringer uses or even plagiarizes the copyrighted works or parts thereof,which causes no substantially adverse effect on the normal exploitation of the work,nor does it inflict any substantial damages to the right owner,the de minis doctrine should be applied to exempt the liabilities of the defendant and seek the balance of interests between the right owner and the general public embodied by the copyright law.

在侵犯著作权案件中，如果被控侵权行为人虽未经著作权人的同意，使用甚至抄袭了受著作权保护的作品或作品的片段，但若情节轻微，未对该作品的正常使用产生任何实质不利的影响，亦未对权利人的权利造成实质性的损害，则应适用&不计琐细原则&，免除行为人的责任，以寻求在权利人利益与著作权法所体现的社会公共利益之间的平衡。

This new product will become our best seller.

这个新产品会成为我们最畅销的产品。