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On the basis of diagnosis and measure of multicollinearity,a new biased estimator of unknown parameters called partial ridgeestimator is proposed for Gauss-Markov model.Its properties are discussed,and some important conclusions are drawn.The determination of biased parameter in the PR estimator is discussed too.

基于复共线性诊断和度量的结果，提出了测量平差Gauss-Markov模型参数的一个新的有偏估计，称为基于复共线性诊断和度量的部分岭估计，讨论了部分岭估计的优良性质，提出了岭参数的选取方法。

To overcome this problem, many authors proposed some biased estimators to alternate the least squared estimator. In some sense, these estimators improved the least squared estimator.However, the biased estimator was apart from the true value of parameter, so some statisticians proposed the notation of the almost unbiased estimator.

人们发现设计阵的"病态"是导致Stein现象的根源，为了克服共线性性，人们在文献中相继提出了许多有偏估计来替代最小二乘估计，这些估计从某种意义上讲，都改进了最小二乘估计。

In chapter four, the DSP control PPS bidirectional DC/DC converter prototype parameter is designed.

第四章设计了基于DSP控制的大功率双向DC/DC变换器的电路参数。

Through analysis of the characteristics of power flow, transmission efficiency and self-lock of a combined planetary transmission, a design method based on the power design parameter of the bifurcated power of the main branch and the total input power ratio was developed in this paper.

对组合式行星传动的功率流特性、传动效率、自锁条件等进行了分析，提出了以系统主支路功率流大小与输入总功率的比值为功率参数的设计方法，并给出了系统实现功率分流传动和自锁的判别准则。

In the paper, the stability of the static states of the system was discussed theoretically and the control parameter was determined nearby the point of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation.

首先利用理论分析了一个二维离散超混沌系统的不动点的稳定性，以此得到系统发生Neimark-Sacker分岔时参数α的近似值。

In order to get the exact value of the Hopf bifurcation point, we discuss the discrete version of the integro-differential equation, and use the approximation parameter as the initial value of the Newton iteration method.

为了得到Hopf参数的精确值，进一步讨论了延迟积分－微分方程的离散形式，利用Newton迭代法，得到了参数的逼近值。

The two-parameter unfoldings of local dynamical behavior,near the point of Hopf-Hopf bifurcation, is investigated theoretically.

理论分析了四维范式映射在Hopf-Hopf余维二分岔点附近的参数开折。

Comparing with deterministic system, the point of bifurcation in stochastic Duffing-van der Pol system is moved as increasing the intensity of random parameter.

进一步的推广证实正交多项式逼近法在实际问题中有广阔的应用前景，它可以解决含有多个随机参数的非线性随机动力学系统的分岔问题。

The effect of the parameter changes in the system can be found in the bifurcation and parametric diagrams.

参数变化对系统的影响可以由分歧图及参数图表现出来。

New parameter estimation Markov recursive algorithm for continuous stochastic linear system and bilinear system is proposed.

基于小波变换的连续随机线性和双线性系统参数辨识Markov方法分析研究了连续维纳过程在小波变换下的统计特性，给出了维纳过程的离散小波变换系数所构成的离散随机过程的协方差矩阵计算和估计方法，基此提出了线性和双线性连续随机系统参数辨识的Markov估计方法及其递推算法。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。