查询词典 parameter of population

In this paper, the case study- the spatialization of China's population at the county level in the country scale can, on one side, obtain the population density of all kinds of terrain features across China. On the other side, the population density data at the county level can be integrated with environment data and social-economic data to generate 1-km grid data sets of average population density, average capacity of natural resources and others derived from environment data. And these data could be useful to monitor China's resource management, population dynamics and so on. The example study has demonstrated a plausible method of wisely using discrete point data to carry out some practical studies.

本文通过全国县级行政单位人口数据的空间化过程，一方面可以重新得到各种类型区人口居住密度的预设值或经验值；另一方面，可以将空间化后的人口数据与其他自然资源、环境数据和社会经济等数据进行有效的融合，将能得到1km格网的人均自然资源占有量、人口密度以及其他经济、环境指标的派生数据信息，这对于我们国家的自然资源管理和宏观调控、人口的动态监测等，均具有重要的实际意义。

The researches show that fan delta, alluvial plain, delta, lacus and sublacustrine fan develop, each sedimentary facies are divided into several subfacis again. The probability cumulative grain size curves incude "uphill arched arc" pattern, one segment pattern, bi-segment pattern, tri-segments pattern, multi-segments pattern, complicated bi-segment pattern, complicated tri-segments pattern,"low slope multi-segments" pattern,"high slope multi-bouncing population-one suspension population" pattern,"high slope multi-bouncing population-one suspension population-transitional zone" pattern,"high slope and multi-bouncing population" pattern,"broadly uphill arched arc" pattern and so on, each subfacis has own peculiar probability cumulative grain size curves.

研究表明，该地区发育的沉积相有扇三角洲、冲积平原、三角洲、湖泊、湖底扇，每一种沉积相又分为几种沉积亚相类型；该地区碎屑岩的粒度概率累积曲线特征主要包括：&上拱弧形&式、一段式、两段式、三段式、多段式、复杂两段式和复杂三段式、&低斜多段&式、&高斜多跳一悬&式和&高斜多跳一悬夹过渡&式、&高斜多跳&式、&宽缓上拱&式等，每种沉积亚相类型对应其独特的粒度概率累积曲线特征。

Different from the sole-population evolution, the multi-population evolution partitioned the initial population into umpty sub-populations. Each sub-population evolved independently according to certain schema. In proper situation, the sub-populations would exchange information among themselves, to maintain the population diversity.

与单一种群进化不同的是，多种群进化将初始种群划分为若干子种群，各个子种群按照一定的模式独立进化，适当的时候在子种群之间交换信息，从而维持种群的多样性。

The research procedure and findings are put down as follows.First, this paper has a wide review over relevant literatures, and introduces theories of population and regional sustainable development in metropolitan areas to explain population development strategy's important connections with overall social-economic development strategy. Aimed at consolidating adaptability between population development and Shanghai Metropolitan Area social-economic strategy, the study conceptualizes Population Development Strategy and puts forward a research model integrating strategic planning principles, methods and interactions between population and metropolitan area economy.

首先，在对国内外大都市圈相关研究进行综述和评价的基础上，依据大都市圈人口发展以及区域可持续发展的相关理论，从增强人口发展与上海大都市圈社会经济战略适应性出发，阐述人口发展战略作为与社会经济发展战略联系界面的重要性，并结合战略规划的方法和原则以及人口发展与大都市圈经济发展的相互作用关系，给出人口发展战略研究的基本思路及概念模型。

As part of the study of social administration of Nanjing in the Republic of China, the thesis consists of 7 chapters: Chapter one explains the basic concepts of social administration and the development of modernization of Nanjing before 1927. It stresses the importance of social administration in city development through the depiction of social characteristics and problems of Nanjing. Chapter 2 introduced the theory of social administration of the Republic of China, under which the municipal institutions are structured. It focuses on the social theory of Sun Yat-sen and correlative comments of Jiang Kai-shi, which reflect the theoretic level and subjective intention of social reform of the Republic of China. Chapter 3 discusses the local autonomy of Nanjing of the Republic of China. The origin of democratic local autonomy theory and its influence over social administration are expatriated. The advantages and disadvantages of local autonomy are analyzed in detail. Chapter 4 focuses its discussion upon social rescue work, an important part of social administration, with general description of social rescue work in Nanjing and concludes the characteristics of social rescue work in the transition from the traditional to the modern society. Focusing on the prominent problem of the large flows and inflation of population of Nanjing, chapter 5 discusses the population and population management of Nanjing and outlines the population situation through analysis of the population problem, management methods and the current situation. Chapter 6 describes the unprecedentedly active citizen organizations and parties. The transform and changes of these organizations occurring under the new circumstances and their functions in social administration are analyzed to reveal the interactive function between government and social organizations in social administration. Chapter 7, the epilogue, makes theoretic evaluation of the characteristics of social administration and its revelation to the current society of Nanjing, hoping this research serves as a reference to the current time.

本文是民国南京社会管理研究的一个部分，由七个章节组成：第一章介绍了社会管理的基本概念和1927年以前南京社会近代化的变迁过程，通过对南京社会特点和社会问题的描述，阐明了社会管理在城市发展中的重要作用；第二章介绍了民国社会管理思想的基本内容和在此指导下的南京市政府有关机构的设置，着重阐述了孙中山的社会管理思想和蒋介石的有关论述，反映了国民政府的社会管理的认识水平及其实行社会改造的主观意图；第三章专题讨论了民国南京地方自治，对具有近代民主意义的地方自治思想的由来及其社会管理意义进行了阐述，具体分析了南京推行地方自治的利弊得失；第四章将社会救济事业作为社会管理的一项重要内容进行了讨论，描述了南京社会救济事业的基本概况并对从传统向近代过渡社会救济事业的若干特点进行了总结；第五章针对南京城市人口的大量流动和急剧膨胀这一突出的社会问题，集中讨论了南京的人口与人口管理，通过对南京人口问题、管理手段以及人口状况的分析，展示了南京人口构成的基本面貌；第六章描述了南京空前活跃的市民组织和社会团体，着意反映这些社会组织在新的条件下的转型和变化，分析其在社会管理中所发挥的作用，企望由此揭示政府与社会组织在社会管理中的互动作用；第七章为结语，对南京社会管理的特点及其对现实的启示进行了理论评价，力求本研究更能具有现实借鉴意义。

The age class structure of Salix oritrepha population in alpine, cloudy and wet area of east Qilian Mountian is studied ,on two levels of genets and their ramets and sprouting branches .The results show that genets population is very short of the first and second class seedlings,and most of seedlings belong to the third and forth classes, and the development trend of population on this level is stable;on the other hand,the age structure of remets and sprouting branches population is more complete,and its age class distribution chart likes triangle, belonging to increasing type.In general,Salix oritrepha population in this area is increasing, but its reproduct way have changed in community succession process in order to accommodate varying circumstances.

从无性基株个体种群和无性克隆分株及萌生枝种群两个层次上对东祁连山高寒阴湿地区山生柳种群年龄结构进行分析，结果表明：无性基株个体种群 0~10 龄级幼苗贮备严重不足，11~20 龄级苗木所占比重最大，种群动态呈稳定型；无性克隆分株和萌生枝种群年龄结构比较完整，结构分布图呈正三角形，种群动态表现为增长型；总体上来讲山生柳种群呈增长趋势，只是在演替过程中为适应环境其繁殖方式有所改变，导致现阶段山生柳种群两个层次结构状态。

In chapter 5,a knowledge-based correction term for the objective function of parameter estimation is proposed.The relationship between the function extreme points of state estimatin and parameter estimation is deduced.A strategy of projecting the parameter objective function from the augmented solution space to the parameter space is proposed and proved.

第五章分析了电力系统状态估计和参数估计的理论依据并指出传统解法的不足，提出基于经验知识的参数估计目标函数修正项，推导了状态估计和参数估计目标函数极值点的关系，由此提出并证明了新的基于垂直投影的估计策略。

The thesis can be divided into five parts as follows: First, the structural characteristics of finned-pipe evaporator are analyzed. After selecting suitable microelement controller, the heat-transfer and mass-transfer processes are analyzed for every microelement under the conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness. Based on previous equations, some parameters of frostiness are confirmed and the frost-growing model is set up under frost condition. Some hypotheses are postulated and with the help of the equation of mass-conservation, energy-conservation and momentum-conservation, the evaporation model which fits in the dynamic simulation is built, which set a solid foundation for system simulation. Second, the starting and stopping behaviors under disturbed condition are analyzed and calculated by using the dynamic concentrative parameter model, which gives some advice to better prescribe refrigeration system and set theoretic foundation for carrying out automatic control of refrigeration system. Third, the normal running process is analyzed and calculated by means of rational matching theory, which gives some advice on how to better understand the parameter change under steady state and the affection of inlet-parameter on evaporator. Fourth, the simulation software with dynamic characteristic is designed, which can be applied to calculate thernio-parameter of cryogen, air humidity and frost thickness under different initial and boundary conditions, and to carry out dynamic simulation under conditions of dryness, wetness and frostiness, at the same time, to achieve detection and simulation at any stage from starting to stopping.

本文的主要内容如下：1对翅片管蒸发器结构特点进行分析，选取适当的微元控制体，就干、湿和霜工况下对每个微元分别进行传热传质分析，基于经验关系式确定霜的有关参数，对于霜工况下的霜生长建立模型，经适当假设，运用质量守恒、能量守恒和动量守恒方程建立适合动态仿真的蒸发器数学模型，为系统仿真奠定基础； 2对蒸发在大扰动下的开、停机过程，运用动态集中参数模型进行分析和计算，为更好地描述制冷系统运行的全过程奠定基础，同时也为制冷系统实现自动控制提供一定的理论基础； 3对蒸发器正常运行过程，运用动态分布参数和参数间定量耦合的观点来分析和计算，为更好地了解稳态工况下各点参数的变化情况及各入口参数对蒸发器动态特性的影响即蒸发器性能对各参数变化的敏感性； 4编写翅片管蒸发器动态特性仿真计算程序，可以计算不同边界条件和初始条件下的制冷剂热力参数、空气温湿度和霜厚度分布场，实现对翅片管蒸发器在干、湿和霜工况下的动态仿真。

In this paper,the differential relation between optic parameter and lattice parameter in electron storage ring of HLS is presented;the lattice parameter at downriver is evaluated and analyzed when the optic parameter at upriver is changed.

研究了合肥光源储存环光学参数和聚焦结构参数间的微分关系，在改变三个输运线上游的光学参数时，计算和分析了下游各个聚焦结构参数。

The nonlinearity and discrete gradient inherited in CAViaR model is a conundrum for parameter estimation. We take the asymmetric Laplace distribution with scale parameter as the error process; indicate the variance has a minimum positive value when the scale parameter is a constant, conflicting with the distribution of real financial data. Further we estimate the parameters of indirect TARCH-CAViaR model base on Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The optimal scale parameter can also be obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo method.

CAViaR一般模型中递归分位回归方程的非线性和非连续可微性是参数估计的一个难题，基于含有尺度参数的不对称拉普拉斯分布作为误差过程，指出将尺度参数固定为常数会导致不对称拉普拉斯分布随机变量的方差存在最小正值的限制，与实际金融数据分布不符；进而提出采用贝叶斯分析和马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗模拟方法，估计间接TARCH-CAViaR模型的参数，并可获得尺度参数的合理估计。

"Yes, now you can give yourself airs," she said, you have got what you wanted.

"对了，您现在高兴了，"她说道，这是您所期待的。

Then the LORD said to me: Rebel Israel is inwardly more just than traitorous Judah.

上主于是对我说：＂失节的以色列比失信的犹大，更显得正义。