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Then, according to differential equation of pile displacement and algebraic equation of neutral plane, the depth ratio of neutral planeλis solved by semi-analytical method. In the calculation example, the influence of pile compressive modulus, pile length and compressive modulus of subsoil beneath pile-bottom on the parameterλis analyzed. Moreover, the range ofλis also calculated.

然后，根据桩体位移微分方程和中性面代数方程，应用半解析的方法求解了中性面深度比λ，由算例分析了桩体压缩模量、桩长和桩端土压缩模量三个影响因素的变化对中性面深度比λ的影响，及刚性桩复合地基中性面深度比λ的取值范围。

Carleman不等式及其在最优控制问题中的应用.Optimal control theory of distributed parameter systems mainly includes: Pontryagin's maximum principle; controllability; Hamilton-Jacobi equation (i.e., dynamic programming equation); time optimal control, etc.In this dissertation, we establish Pontryagin's maximum principle of optimal control problems governed by some nonlinear differential equations (parabolic differential equations, elliptic differential equations and 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations), which in particular could have local solut...

在这篇博士论文中，我们建立了非线性微分方程(包括抛物型微分方程，椭圆型微分方程以及3维Navier-Stokes方程)最优控制问题的庞特里雅金最大值原理，特别地，这些方程可能只有局部解或存在多解(我们称这样的系统为非适定系统，相应的最优控制问题为非适定最优控制问题)，以及适定的非线性发展方程最优控制问题的庞特里雅金最大值原理；我们研究了phase-field系统的时间最优控制问题以及Boussinesq系统的局部内可控性。

The voltage and the sensitivity of voltage to system operation parameters are calculated by Newton power flow approach; the various higher order derivatives of voltage and voltage sensitivity to line openbreak parameter can be obtained by using the convergent correction equation of power flow and the equation of calculating sensitivity for the N power system. Finally, the voltage and sensitivity of N-1 power system can he calculated by correcting the voltage and sensitivity of N power system by Taylor series expansion.

通过牛顿潮流计算出N网络的各节点电压及其对系统运行参数的灵敏度；利用已收敛的潮流修正方程式和N网络灵敏度计算方程式分别对线路开断参数多阶求导，从而计算出电压和灵敏度对此线路开断参数的多阶导数值；根据泰勒级数展开式修正N网络的电压和灵敏度值，得到N-1网络的电压和灵敏度值。

One is with the Recursion of Observation Equation Numbers, the other is to derive the EMBET Expressions in the Processing of Trajectory Measurement Data with the Recursion of Equation Parameter Numbers.

一类方法是随着观测方程个数的递推；另一类方法是随着方程参数个数的递推，它能够推导出关于外弹道测量数据处理的"最佳弹道估计"法的表达式。

It was found that the multi-parameter model describing the relation of vapor enthalpy and temperature ( Clapeyron-Clausius equation ) is obviously superior to the commonly used two parameters model and the Antoine equation in term of residual square sum and statistic distribution rule of error.

以乙醇为例利用非线性拟合技术和文献报道的实验数据，探讨了纯物质蒸气压和温度关系及其参数的拟合问题。从拟合的残差平方和和误差的统计分布规律考虑，基于蒸发焓与温度关系( Clapeyron-Clausius方程)的多参数模型明显优于常用的二参数模型和Antoine方程

When coverage varying from high to low, the parameter a decreasing, and b increasing. The fitted regression equation between total vegetation coverage and runoff duration as following, C = 3.4881nt_p -11.772 (R~2=0.9477). The equation shows that the vegetation is positive correlation to duration, i.e.

高寒草甸产流、产沙的试验结果表明，不同植被盖度的嵩草草甸其产流、产沙过程可以用幂函数R=at~b分布来描述，随着盖度由大变小，方程参数a值逐渐变小，b值逐渐增大；而覆盖度在5％以下的黑土滩，其产流、产沙过程更符合指数函数R=ae~分布。

First, the mixing rule of temperature calculation equation was modified. The content and acentric factor of second component were introduced into the interaction parameter, and a new equation of critical temperature for mixture were set up as

对状态方程的引力项混合规则进行了改进，将温度和表示物质结构的偏心因子引入引力项混合规则中的相互作用参数，建立了引力项相互作用参数表达式。

First, the mixing rule of temperature calculation equation was modified. The content and acentric factor of second component were introduced into the interaction parameter, and a new equation of critical temperature for mixture were set up as

对二元体系临界温度计算公式中的混合规则进行修正，首次将组成和表示物质结构的偏心因子引入其中，建立了温度相互作用参数的表达式和新的二元体系临界温度计算公式。

Therefore, It can generate complicated nonlinear equation with fewer fuzzy rules.But the conclusional parameter is not a fuzzy rule but a linear equation,It can not be got from experts experience and operational data directly.

但是由于结论参数是线性函数而非模糊数，所以规则不能直接从专家经验和操作数据中直接得到，必须通过一定的算法进行提炼。

Thermogravimetric analysis was extended to the measurements on vapor pressures of three n-alkanes, hexadecane, heptadecane and octadecane, on the basis of the Langmuir equation for zero-order vaporization process. The vapor pressures were calculated by two different methods, a constant-parameter one and a comparative one, from the TGA data. These results are in good agreement with the reference data calculated from the Antoine equation.

根据自由蒸发过程的Langmuir关系，将热重分析用于正十六烷、正十七烷和正十八烷等3个正构烷烃的蒸气压测定，分别采用常数法和比较法计算蒸气压，其结果与文献数据符合较好。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。