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The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

Since the 1960s,the leading shipbuilding countries begin to study on the ship condition monitoring and trouble analysis, Nobodys engine-room shipping on duty appeared .certainly the condition monitoring and trouble analysts system also meets some question ,such as: only give alarm or show the actual value of the parameter, does not possess the function of analyzing and giving operator the direct suggestion function about the complicated trouble reason , Only monitor the present running conditions, does not possess the function of predicting equipment future and run reliability though trouble analysis technology makes good progress in these yeas, onboard the ship is still rare .aiming to improve the shipping safety, this paper make some research work on the ship engine-room, the main innovation are as follows:Firstly, this paper introduces and analyzes the research work and current situation on the condition monitoring, trouble analysis and safety assessment .especially in the maritime fields .

船舶机舱系统结构复杂，故障源多，征兆参数丰富，故障与征兆之间常常不存在简单的对应关系，而是相互影响，关系错综复杂。60年代以来，世界上先进的造船国家都相继开展了船舶机械状态监控和故障诊断的研究，出现了无人值班机舱船舶，但仍存在不足之处，如：只给报警提示或显示参数的实际值，不具备对复杂故障的原因分析并给操作者以直接的提示或建议功能；只监测当前的运行状况，不具备预测设备未来运行可靠性的功能；尽管近年来设备故障诊断技术得到了很大的发展，但真正能成功应用于实船的尚不多见。本论文以船舶机舱为对象，以提高船舶营运安全性为目标，来研究船舶机舱的安全控制技术，主要内容如下：首先，介绍和分析了状态监测、故障诊断和安全评估的研究内容和现状，尤其是在船舶领域的研究近况。

Paper industry the past few years of hard work elites and radical reform of our paper has been the rapid development, but in the second half of 2008 the global financial crisis under the fierce attacks of the paper we are faced with unprecedented challenges, reduce a large number of foreign orders, hydro pulper aging equipment, paper machine operating speed of the slow, low value-added products, filter equipment, up-flow low pressure output screen, high power consumption, coupled with China's increasing pollution of the paper industry environmentally friendly water treatment sludge, objectively, there are difficulties we are now, how fast out of the current predicament?

经过这几年造纸行业精英们的艰苦努力及大刀阔斧的改革我们的造纸业有了飞速发展，但是在08年下半年全球金融危机猛烈的侵袭下我们的造纸业正面临着前所未有挑战，国外订单大量缩减，水力碎浆机设备的老化，纸机车速的运转缓慢，产品的附加值低，筛选设备升流压力筛的产量低，电耗高，加上我国加大对造纸行业污水污泥的环保治理，客观上我们现在是有困难，如何快速走出当前的困境？

How to work out the amount of the adjustment in the air blow that can resolve this position caused by rubbing against dirty, how to work the following guide roller is in walking distance to adjust to the right, in accordance with the principle of symmetry to the how to work with nose, typically a business card printing and membership card making paper thickness of 3-4 times, otherwise it will cause the jammed paper break when joint or book-fold folded edge of the left and right deviation and get dirty.

三角板内吹风量的调节可解决此部位引起的蹭脏，三角板下面的导纸辊之间的距离调节要合适，按对称的原则，以三角板鼻尖为基准，一般为制卡和会员卡制作用纸厚度的3—4倍，否则会引起接纸时接头卡住断纸或书帖折页的左右偏差与局部蹭脏。

The paper institutes two control schemes of PLC according to the work flow of the manipulator. The paper draws out the work time sequence chart and the trapezium chart.

利用可编程序控制器对机械手进行控制，选取了合适的 PLC 型号，根据机械手的工作流程制定了可编程序控制器的控制方案，画出了机械手的工作时序图，并绘制了可编程序控制器的控制程序。

At first part of this paper author introduces the development of grid and Globus Project. The development and architecture about CDG are introduced at the second part. At the third part, LDAP and MDS-2 of Globus Toolkit2.4 are introduced in detail. How CDG information service and scheduler are implemented is explained at the fourth part of this paper. At fifth part, some testing data chart and viewdata graphics are showed with some conclusion. The sixth part, the last part of the paper, is the review of authors work and the prospect of future work.

本文第一部分介绍了网格的发展概况以及 Globus 项目，第二部分介绍了校园数据网格的一些基本情况以及整体设计，第三部分详细介绍了 LDAP 技术、Globus Toolkit 2.4 中的 MDS-2，第四部分详细介绍了 CDG 信息服务模块与任务调度模块的设计与实现，其中包含一个适用于 CDG 的任务调度算法的设计与证明，第五部分介绍了试验环境与模块测试，包括一些测试数据与结论，第六部分是工作总结以及对今后研究的展望。

On the basis of previously research, this paper re-probe into the mechanism of electro-chemist mechanical manufacturing process, making the rational technological parameter, and developing the manufacturing equipment. Through a lot of technology tests, get a lot of labratory data, accordingly, researched the surface feature of the electro-chemist manufacturing process, and deeply discussed its influence on the work piece feature. The last result is that: the electro-chemist mechanical manufacturing process can reduce the low-frequency component significantly, but on high-frequency component, it has little influence, having obviously positive pole flat effect. After manufacture, the tip parts on the surface of the work piece is cut off, there is micro "high land" shape, the parameter for surface roughness is reduced a lot, the surface outline of the work piece is negative, the bearing length rate is cliffy. Also the surface quality of the work piece is improved. This can help to avoid changing the shape, improve the feature of rub, gear and reduce the time to suit. This would also ensure the precision and result in a longer work piece life.

在以前研究的基础上，本论文重新探讨了电化学机械复合光整加工工艺的机理，确定了较合理的工艺参数，对电化学机械复合光整加工设备进行了改进，通过工艺实验广泛地搜集了大量实验数据，依据实验数据，多角度地研究了电化学机械复合光整加工的表面形貌特点，并且从理论上深入讨论了电化学机械复合光整加工表面形貌对工件工作性能的影响，最后得出的结论为：电化学机械复合光整加工对工件原始表面的低频成分有较大程度的降低，而对高频成分影响较小，有明显的阳极整平作用，被加工工件表面的尖峰状凸起被去除，工件表面呈现出微观&高原型&，表面轮廓不平度高度特性参数大幅度降低，工件表面轮廓分布集中，且呈负偏态，轮廓偏斜度为负值，轮廓支承长度率曲线陡峭，工件的表面质量得到综合改善，这对提高零件的抗接触变形能力、改善摩擦、磨损性能、降低工件的磨合时间、提高工件的精度保持性、延长工件的寿命均有利。

In "the inscription" the success of the occasion, in order to expand the domestic and international art of communication, innovation, prosperity and the art of paper-cut industry to open up the road to promote paper-cut of the rescue, protection, development work, by the Chinese Culture Promotion Society, Zhejiang Province Department of Culture organized by the art of Chinese Culture Promotion Committee, Tonglu County People's Government hosted the third "Divine Charm" national competition and the first national paper cutting paper cutting Contest from Zhenggao, we have received the country's 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities sent Entries of more than 2100 pieces of paper-cutting, more than 100 pieces of cut-paper art.

在&申遗&成功之际，为了扩大国内外剪纸艺术交流，推陈出新，繁荣剪纸艺术，开拓剪纸产业化道路，促进对剪纸的抢救、保护、开发工作，由中华文化促进会、浙江省文化厅主办，中华文化促进会剪纸艺术委员会，桐庐县人民政府承办的第三届&神州风韵&全国剪纸大赛暨首届全国剪纸创意大赛从征稿至今，已收到全国31个省、自治区和直辖市寄来的剪纸参赛作品2100余件、创意剪纸100余件。

This paper is based on the practical work. In this paper, I summarize the detailed work in the bill document analysis and recognition, study some advanced methods and ideas in these fields, bring up an complete bill document analysis system model and give some suggestions to improve the present system.

本文从实际工作出发，总结了作者在银行票据自动处理系统中，票据的版面分析及其数字域的识别这两个方面所做的一些工作，研究了目前在这个领域上的一些先进方法和思想，同时提出了一个完整的票据版面分析系统以及对现行系统的一些改进思路，为进一步的工作打下基础。

Under normal circumstances, the printer paper into the slot there is a photoelectric sensor Office of the photoelectric sensor can be sensitive to "capture" to paper, whether or not correctly placed in the feed tank, feed tank if there is printing paper exist, the Photoelectric sensors can be identified on the paper, and generate a recognition signal transmission to the printer, print to inform the printer to do the preparatory work, even if the paper into the slot there is no printing paper, the photoelectric sensor control signals will be transmitted to the printer, where do not tell the printer to print tasks.

通常情况下，打印机进纸槽处存在一个光电传感器，该光电传感器能敏锐地&捕捉&到纸张是否正确地放置到进纸槽中了，倘若进纸槽中有打印纸张存在的话，该光电传感器就可以识别到纸张，并产生一识别信号传输给打印机，通知打印机做到打印准备工作，即使进纸槽中没有放打印纸时，光电传感器也会有控制信号传输到打印机那里，告诉打印机暂时没有打印任务。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷