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This paper focuses on the bank credit card research, to explore the development of China's credit card business.

本论文侧重于对银行信用卡的研究，来探讨我国信用卡业务的发展。

In this paper, the bond market listed companies, from government policies, credit rating, the phenomenon of internal control, lack of security bonds, bonds and other varieties of single-level analysis of the corporate bonds of listed companies failed to become the main form of direct financing of the reasons,And from government control, regulate credit rating, improve the ownership structure of listed companies, the implementation of strict enterprise security and bankruptcy system, the bond layer breeds innovation by the listed companies to strengthen the bond financing measures.

本文通过上市公司债券市场的问题，从政府政策、信用评级、内部人控制现象、债券安全性不足、债券品种单一等层面分析了企业债券未能成为上市公司直接融资的主要形式的原因，并分别从加强政府调控、规范信用评级、改进上市公司股权结构、实施严格的企业担保及破产制度、债券品种创新等层而提出加强上市公司债券融资的措施。

In this paper we first analysed existing credit evaluation model the most logistics freight trading websites are using,and then pointed out three main limitations in the model:no consideration on the influence of user's credit level itself,lacking of discrimination on the risk degree of trade and insufficient punishment on trading swindle.

首先对目前大多数货运交易网站所采用的信用评价模型进行了研究，指出现有模型所存在的三个主要问题：没有考虑用户自身信用水平的影响、缺少对交易风险大小的区分、对交易欺骗惩罚不足。

In this paper, we use approximate distribution comes from probability generating function in estimating credit VaR. Further, we perform the credit VaR sensitive analysis for multi-sector factors based on different sector correlation assumption.

本文在信用风险加成模型之下，利用机率产生函数的近似分配计算信用风险值，并在多个部门因子中，在不同相关性部门因子分配假设下，比较信用风险值之敏感度分析。

This paper also applies game theory to set up game models for ante-accommodation and post-accommodation. In the information model for ante-accommodation, commercial banks expect the occurrence of separate game equivalence not the pooled game equivalence, for in pooled game equivalence, commercial banks may easily choose adverse selection to provide loans because of asymmetric information, while in the supervision model for post-accommodation, banks and enterprises hardly make pure strategic equivalence, that is, they can not achieve Pareto optimum in the same time, meanwhile, when the supervision model for post-accommodation achieve pooled strategic equivalence, we will make use of probabilities of enterprises not keeping their promises and probabilities of bank supervision as indexes for describing qualitatively the credit risk for enterprises and the credit risk for bank supervision.

首先，论文对信贷活动中信息不对称所产生的逆向选择与道德风险及由此产生的信贷风险进行了一般理论分析，并提出了防范逆向选择和道德风险的一般模型；其次，论文结合我国信贷市场预算约束软化这一根本特征，研究了我国信贷活动中由信息不对称而产生的信贷风险形成机理的特殊性进行了分析；接着，运用博弈论方法对我国信贷市场中商业银行与企业在申请贷款、偿还贷款时的博弈行为进行了深入分析；最后，文章提出了消除信贷市场信息不对称的对策和建议。

This paper first analyzes the current situation of the Line of Credit management in China, points out the disadvantages of present methods, and then discusses the supporting environment of the Line of Credit decision.

本文首先对我国授信管理的现状进行了分析，指出了现有方法的不足之处，然后又对授信管理决策的环境支持进行了讨论。

Starting from the principles relevant to the asymmetric information in the information economics,this paper analyzes on the causes of the credit risks of our country's commercial banks,and puts forward some methods for preventing and solving these risks such as making the credit allotment,perfecting the credit degree system of the enterprises,transacting the mortgage and compensation balance,signing the restrictive contract,and realizing information resources sharing,etc.

从信息经济学中信息不对称的相关原理出发，分析了我国商业银行产生信贷风险的原因，并提出了预防和化解风险的办法，如进行信用配给、完善企业资信评级制度、办理抵押和补偿余额、签订限制性契约和实现信息资源共享等。

After simply introducing the conception of credit and credit risk, the paper analyses the credit risk and its management in our commercial banks in detail.

在简单介绍了信用和信用风险的概念之后，详细分析了我国商业银行的信用风险及其管理现状。

In this paper, the author analyzes the scope of the credit card, all kinds of behavior in credit card fraud and the recognition in judicial practice. Meanwhile, the author also focuses on the qualitative problem in malicious overdraft and theft of the credit card.

本文对信用卡的范围，信用卡诈骗的各种行为表现方式及司法实践中的认定做了逐一分析，并重点探讨了恶意透支和盗窃信用可并使用的定性问题。

In this paper we will discuss the effects of credit concentration comprehensively, analyze the behavior of commercial banks with game theory and try to explain the phenomenon of credit concentration from the angle of bank credit system, macro policy and behavior of local government.

本论文重点对对信贷集中效应进行正反两方面分析，并运用博弈论方法，对商业银行信贷集中行为进行了分析，同时从银行信贷体制以及宏观政策、地方政府行为等方面解释了信贷集中的成因。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。