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Only 1 valve with 2 pairs of teeth, others denticulate; teeth 3.5-4 mm, apex usually slightly curved.

只有1裂爿具2齿，其它人具小齿的；齿3.5-4毫米，先端通常稍弯曲。

In this paper he pointed out:"One difference drawing most attention between the descendibility of humans and anthropoids is that humans have 46 (23 pairs) of chromosomes, and our close relative anthropoids have 48 chromosomes … Understanding if such recomposition of chromosomes is a prime cause of human evolution, or only is a secondary effect during mutation of descendibility, has great significance in biology".

遗憾的是， John Maddox 写这篇论文时他不知道中国的蒋春暄早在二十年前开创了该领域的研究已经获得重要的成果。

On the basis of DDRT-PCR technique we found that:Total of 331 differential displayed cDNA bands from 1161 were displayed in the 4x4 diallel cross combinations with 30 pairs of primers, which shows the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parental lines were very obvious in quantity and quality.

采用mRNA差异显示技术和荧光定量反转录PCR技术，从随机mRNA差异显示和候选功能基因mRNA表达定量分析两个方面，研究了32周龄杂种鸡及其亲本纯种的基因差异表达及其与繁殖性状杂种优势的关系，探讨了鸡繁殖性状杂种优势形成的因素及其分子遗传机理。

Inflorescences axillary, small, pedunculate, densely capitate clusters of unisexual flowers; solitary glomerules or pairs of dichotomously branched cymes; bracts small.

花序腋生，小，有花序梗，密集头状簇生的单性花；单生团伞花序或对二歧分枝聚伞花序；苞片小。

Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments usually hairy; anthers meeting in pairs, locules transverse, base spurred or mucronate, 2-loculed; 1 locule fertile, other reduced and empty.

雄蕊4，二强雄蕊；花丝通常有毛；花药会议成对，横裂的子房室，基部距或短尖，2室； 1子房室能育，其他退化和空。

Leaves simple, rosulate, margin roundly dentate; raceme terminal; flower ca. 1 cm long, light purple, the upper lip 2-lobed, the lower lip 3-lobed, larger and yellow spotted; stamens 4, in two pairs of two different length (= didynamous); fruit a capsule.

单叶大多於基部丛生，叶缘钝锯齿状；总状花序顶生；两性花约1公分长，淡紫色，上唇瓣二裂，下唇瓣3裂且较大，内侧有黄色斑点；雄蕊4枚，2常2短；蒴果。

The epistatic interaction was analysised in entire genome and a total of 39 digenetic interaction marker pairs were found which contributed 6. 41%-25. 65% variance to genetic variation. It suggested that epistasis between non-QTL and non-QTL was the primary interaction form in the resistance response.

在全基因组对所有抗性性状进行了上位性分析，一共检测到39个两位点互作标记对，结果表明两位点间的互作主要以非QTL与非QTL互作形式存在，针对不同的性状，上位性作用能够解释6.41％-25.65％的遗传变异。

As for digenic interaction, 18 pairs of epistatic loci with R2≥5% were resolved with a mean R2 of 6.9%, ranging from 5.1% to 11.8%, which was slightly larger than that of the main-effect QTLs identified for the traits. The majority of the main-effect and epistatic loci detected for seedling vigor related traits were clustered in a few chromosome regions.

种子活力相关性状的大多数主效应和互作QTLs成串分布于少数几个染色体区段（chromosome regions， CRs），并且成串分布在同一染色体区段的QTLs效应的方向总是一致，该结果与这些性状在表型上的正相关相一致。

As for digenic interaction, 18 pairs of epistatic loci with R2 ≥5 were resolved with a mean R2 of 6.9 ,ranging from 5.1 to 11.8 ,which was slightly larger than that of the main-effect QTL identified for the traits.The majority of the main-effect and epistatic loci detected for seedling vigor related traits were clustered in a few chromo-some regions.

种子活力相关性状的大多数主效应和互作QTL成串分布于少数几个染色体区段(Chromosome Regions，CRs)，并且成串分布在同一染色体区段的QTL效应的方向总是一致，该结果与这些性状在表型上的正相关相一致。

Inflorescence terminal, composed of several to many racemes inserted digitately or along a short axis; racemes elongate with many spikelet pairs, hairy, fragile, sessile and pedicelled spikelets of a pair similar, pedicelled often slightly narrower, both fertile; rachis internodes linear, ciliate along angles; pedicels resembling internodes, usually slightly shorter and more slender.

花序顶生，由数枚到多数总状花序组成着生或沿着短轴；总状花序拉长具很多小穗对，有毛，脆，无梗和pedicelled相似的对，pedicelled通常稍狭窄，都能育；轴节间的线，纤毛的沿着棱；花梗象节间，通常有点更短和更纤巧。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。