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Lanthanides belong to the sixth cycle of the periodic table Ⅲ B family, are all solid metal, they are La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium were 15 kinds of metals and their periphery are two layers of electronic 5d16s2, while the peripheral third layer f orbital but never zero to 14, so the external electronic structure of 4f0-145d16s2, and therefore these elements in oxidation number are to 3, very close chemical properties, extraction, when it is difficult to separate them they are mostly multi-element mineral mix, more difficult to increase refining, and their atomic number of 57-71, one by one to increase the number of protons the nucleus, and thus extranuclear electron of gravity is also growing, so that atomic radius decreases with increasing atomic number Z, which makes lanthanides contraction, ionic radius is also reduced, which also makes Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta, Mo and W, the atom and ionic radius very close to each other they also determine a similar nature, resulting in difficult separation, also the tribe Ⅷ of the fifth cycle, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and the sixth cycle, osmium, iridium, platinum is very similar in nature, thus The six elements, said platinum group elements.

镧系元素属于周期表第六周期中ⅢB族，全部是固体金属，它们是镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱和镥共十五种金属元素，它们的外围两层的电子均是5d16s2，而外围第三层的f轨道电子却从零增加到14个，所以外围电子结构为4f0－145d16s2，而使这些元素氧化数均为＋3，化学性质极为接近，提炼时很难分开，它们的矿石又大多是多种元素混在一起的，更增加提纯难度，它们的原子序数为57－71，核内质子数逐个增加，因而对核外电子引力也不断增强，使原子半径随原子序数Z增加而减小，这就使镧系元素收缩、离子半径也缩小，这也使得Zr和Hf，Nb和Ta、Mo和W等原子和离子半径都很接近、也决定了它们彼此性质类似，以致难以分离、也使第Ⅷ族中第五周期的钌、铑、钯和第六周期的锇、铱、铂在性质上极为相似，因而称这六个元素为铂系元素。

The Pd-Cu/C catalysts were shown to have the face centered cubic crystal structure. This could indicate that the addition of Cu shortened the Pd-Pd distances in the crystal lattice, and therefore –HO(subscript 2ads) and O-O could be better adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst. When NaBH4 was used as the reducing agent, and the atomic ratio of Pd to Cu was 3:1, the resulting catalysts had an average particle size of 3. 4nm and showed the best catalytic performance. The electrochemical active surface are a of Pd3Cu/C was 38.9m^2/gPd and the oxidation reduction reaction activity of the Pd3Cu/C catalyst was much higher than that of the Pd/C catalyst. The electrochemical activity of the Pd3Cu/C catalyst was comparable to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst.

结果表明：催化剂中Pd与Cu的物质的量之比与预设值相近，Pd和Cu基本被全部还原；Pd-Cu/C催化剂为面心立方结构，元素铜的加入使催化剂的Pd-Pd间距缩小，从而HO(下标 2 ads)和OO键能更好地吸附在催化剂金属表面；当采用NaBH4为还原剂，Pd与Cu物质的量比为3：1时，催化剂(Pd3Cu/C)的平均粒径为3.4 nm，催化剂的催化性能最好，电化学活性表面积EAS达到38.9平方公尺/gPd，电化学性能较Pd/C催化剂有很大提高，接近Pt/C商用催化剂。

The high oxidation-reduction potential and lack of reduced conditions permits aerobes and facultative anaerobes to contribute to the decomposition processes.

高氧化还原电势和缺乏还原条件，使得好氧菌和兼性厌氧菌进行分解或腐化过程。

It is discovered that metal protectant and polar polymer can reduce fretting wear of complex lithium grease largely by utilizing Fafnir friction oxidation tester investigates fretting wear of complex lithium grease .

用费夫纳摩擦氧化试验机考察复合锂基润滑脂的微动磨损时，发现金属保护剂和极性聚合物可大幅度降低复合锂基脂的微动磨损。

The organic component of the kitchen waste mainly consists of cellulose, starch and highly fatty acid, which can be converted into small molecules employing wet oxidation technology. Initially, rice and fecula were used as model compound.

在城市厨余垃圾的有机成分里，纤维类、淀粉类物质占了很大一部份，可以通过亚临界水氧化将这些大分子物质变成小分子的低级脂肪酸或其它有机产物，从而实现厨余垃圾的高效资源化处理。

At this time,the turbidity is reduced by 98.22%,and the removal rates of CODand NH_3-N is 31.55% and 22.79%.Advanced oxidation by microwave is use to treat landfill leachate on the basis of thesystematic analysis of various pollutants in leachate.With the help of orthogonal design andanalysis of gray relational theory,reasonable test conditions are determined:the initialconditions of pH=3,the volume of GAC is 10g/L,the weight of Feis 333.2mg/L,thepower of microwave is 720w,the treating time of microwave is 30min,and the amount ofH_2O_2(30%)is 10ml/L.

在对垃圾渗滤液中各类污染物系统分析的基础上，提出了微波条件辅助处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的类Fenton法高级氧化技术，并通过正交试验设计及灰色关联理论分析了试验影响因素，优化了反应条件，得到了垃圾渗滤液最佳处理条件为溶液初始pH=3、GAC加量10g/L、Fe离子量为333.2mg／L、微波处理功率为720w、微波处理时间为30min、30％的H_2O_2加量为10ml／L。

The oxidation rate of ferrate was found higher than that of permanganate.

高铁酸钾对锰的氧化速度略高于高锰酸钾氧化。

The catalytic mechanism of amidopyrine on the oxidation of ferrocyanide in KOH has been first presented.

提出了氨基比林对亚铁氰化钾的催化反应的机理。

According to the electrochemistry mixed potential theory, the linear sweep voltammagram method is used to study the cathod and anode processes of the stabilizers. The results show that α-α' dipyridyl can decrease the deposition velocity by inhibit the anodic oxidation of formaldehyde, and potassium ferrocyanide can stabilizing the bath by inhibit the deoxidation of Cu~(2+).

根据电化学混合电位理论，用线性伏安法研究表明，α-αˊ联吡啶通过有效地抑制甲醛的阳极氧化来抑制沉铜速率；而亚铁氰化钾主要通过抑制Cu~(2+)的还原峰电流来阻碍Cu~(2+)的还原析出，但宏观的对化学镀铜镀速的影响不大。

This paper put forward three ways: Oxidation-reduction titration, ferruginous spectrophotometry, and direct spectrophotometry. Every way is applied in PH fit for itself. Every way should pay attention to some ways.

本论文确定高铁酸钾的三种定量分析方法：亚砷酸钠氧化还原滴定法、邻二氮杂菲分光光度法、直接分光光度法，并明确了每种方法的适用PH值范围和应遵守的相应注意事项。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。