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From 1949 people's republic of China fought for its national identity,but not until before 90's they managed to gain a title zhonghua minzu.in the first decades China tried to establish multinational country,although the communist party wanted a country of one nation.so therefore,the process of establishing a country was kind of parallel with chinese language politics.according to above mentioned,chinese politics was directed to Han nationality,while minority language politics was useful by making minority nation.because of constant conflict between integration and accomodation inside communist party for making a stable country,it often lead to some troubles and misunderstandings in theory in praxis of chinese language politics.

from 1949年中华人民共和国战斗为它的民族性，但是不直到在20世纪90年代之前他们设法获取标题中华minzu.in第一个十年设法的中国建立多民族国家，虽然因此共产党想要一nation.so国家，建立国家的过程是有点儿与中国语言政治平行根据上述，中国政治在理论上被指挥了对汉族，而少数民族语言政治通过做少数国家是有用的由于在综合化和适应之间的恒定的冲突在做的一个稳定的国家共产党里面，它经常导致有些麻烦和误解在中国语言政治实践。

As to this has formed different understanding between developed country and developing country, the developed country thinks human rights has already substituted " foundation stone " that the traditional sovereign equality has become the international relations, emphasize the sovereignty is to threaten human rights , if wanting to protect human rights , must limit state sovereignty , is it advocate " human rights higher than sovereignty "," human rights borderless ", for maintain human rights can go on " humanistic intervention " to other country to do one's utmost.

对此在发达国家和发展中国家之间形成了不同的认识，发达国家认为人权已经替代了传统的主权平等成为国际关系的"基石"，强调主权就是威胁人权，要保护人权就必须限制国家主权，极力宣扬"人权高于主权"、"人权无国界"，为了维护人权可以对他国进行"人道主义干预"。

Eastwardly planned economy country arrives market economy country of the west, arrive from southern developing country northward developed country, the civilian battalion of state-owned economy is changed undertaking inside different level, limits.

从东方的计划经济国家到西方的市场经济国家，从南方的发展中国家到北方的发达国家，国有经济的民营化都在不同程度、范围内进行着。

At present under the socialist market economy condition, completes the enterprise staff thought political work the key is the Central Party Committee 17 big spirits in every sense of the term implementations basic unit Since the specially reform and open policy, has had many head of undertaking, deceives both superiors and subordinates works for one's own interests under the guise of working for the public, thought the present does not have the movement, in the waist the animal pen axe, the fan which in the hand takes, often on greatly sends the arms, teaches whips the staff, often on to the authority coerces the staff, simply not staff when the person looked, the wages casually decides, bully softly, is hard feared, pays out the wages not to have the pay list, wants to give how many to give how many, Sunday does not let the staff rest, does not pay adds the spot to spend If you offer an opinion to him, regards you is the thorn in one's side, the thorn in the side, does everything possible to carry on retaliates you, and direct descendant wilfully tolerates using the hand in authority to oneself, to give the green light to something, to holds the different political view greatly to open killing They use in the hand two "magic weapon" to benefit as the third party in a dispute, deceive both superiors and subordinates flatter the higher authority, exploits power, violates the country head of undertaking the cadre relative about to forbid in this enterprise to be engaged in production management the stipulation Also uses in the hand the authority private full center pouch, is greedy, does everything possible to concoct pretexts makes the forged account, high keeps off the office supplies with the government money purchase modern age to converge the oneself to have, makes the forged account to reimburse the beach person cost, digs national the corner of a wall Then receives using the duty gives the sales commission,包产 outside the package exits the enterprise outside, fishes for the wealth, even allies the annual bonus, violates the country and the enterprise stipulated, then 参股using the duty manages the enterprise But greatly gives the discount in the staff benefit treatment aspect, in 工资分 is joined to greatly makes the issue, drills the national policy spatial, borrows the wage reform is the excuse, seeks the benefit for own clique, borrows the work then to provide the special sedan car for the enterprise basic unit leadership, all expenses completely are responsible by the unit, to become not to pay the solid private sedan car The party and the country stressed repeatedly that, strictly prohibits the leading cadre to exploit power, but such stipulation into head of undertaking cadre's neglected advice, really it may be said in has the policy, gets down has the countermeasure If the country does not carry on effective supervising and managing to the enterprise, does not carry on the strengthened management, gets down for a long time, they can depend on right and not the improper income become the millionaires and surely the wealthy man, the state asset can massively drain, but government's policy can become a mere scrap of paper, loses it in common people's prestige Let these clothes eating insects embezzle national the property, thus causes the enterprise to move towards goes out of business, such example is too numerous to cite individually The working class is the national master, such formulation until now is does not have the question, but present working class's actual condition how?

目前在社会主义市场经济条件下，做好企业职工思想政治工作的关键是把党中央十七大精神不折不扣的贯彻到基层。特别是改革开放以来，有不少的企业领导，欺上瞒下假公济私，认为现在没有运动，腰里苄着斧子，手里拿的扇子，动不动就大发干戈，训策职工，动不动就以权力要挟职工，简直不把职工当人看，工资随便定，欺出软，硬出怕，发工资没有工资单，想给多少给多少，星期天不让职工休息，不付加斑费。如果你给他提意见，就视你为眼中钉，肉中刺，想方设法进行报复你，利用手中的权力对自己和嫡系任意纵容，大开绿灯，对持不同政见者大开杀界。他们用手中的两件"法宝"渔翁得利，欺上瞒下讨好上级，以权谋私，违反国家关于企业领导干部亲属禁止在本企业从事生产经营活动的规定。还利用手中的权力私饱中囊，多吃多占，想方设法巧立名目做假帐，用公款购买现代高挡办公用品归为己有，做假帐报销滩人成本，挖国家的墙角。利用职务之便收授回扣，把企业外包产品外包出去，从中捞取钱财，甚至加盟人股，违反国家和企业规定，利用职务之便参股办企业。而在职工福利待遇方面大打折扣，在工资分配上大做文章，钻国家政策的空，借工资改革为借口，为自己的小集团谋利益，借工作之便为企业基层的领导配备专门的小轿车，一切费用全部由单位负责，成为名不付实的私家小轿车。党和国家一再强调，严禁领导干部以权谋私，而这样的规定成为企业领导干部的耳旁风，真可谓上上有政策，下有对策。如果国家对企业不进行有效监管，不进行强化管理，长期下去，他们会靠正当和不正当的收入成为百万富翁和千万富翁，国有资产就会大量流失，而政府的政策就会成为一纸空文，失去其在老百姓中的信誉。让那些蛀虫侵吞国家的财产，从而使企业走向倒闭，这样的例子不胜枚举。工人阶级是国家的主人，这样的提法至今是没有问题的，可是现在的工人阶级的实际状况又如何呢？

The customs will be the country use for to attack smuggling, the maintenance normalimport and export economic order and the safeguard country tax revenue functiondepartment, because it instate economy activity special status, once the custom houseofficer the authority which will entrust with using the country and the people carrieson exploits power, the embezzlement bribe even participates in smuggling to put the private illegal activity to be able the loss which will create to the country cannot bemade up.

海关是国家用来打击走私活动、维护正常进出口经济秩序和保障国家税收的职能部门，由于其在国家经济活动中的特殊地位，一旦海关关员利用国家和人民赋予的权力进行以权谋私、贪污受贿甚至参与走私放私的违法活动将会给国家造成不可弥补的损失。

Start from parliamentarism country and presidential governmental country and half-presidential governmental country, compare the general frame of the interpellation system, and emphasize the interpellation system of parliamentarism country. Part three.

从议会制国家、总统制国家及半总统制国家三种类型入手，分别和集中比较构建质询制度的大体框架。

In 1978-1985, the country adjustment the development policy of the city and countryside, the key of finance and taxation policy was the farmer. In 1985-1990, the country tried hard to coordinate the contradiction of the city and countryside development and took "the Three Chooses" as a center of gravity. In 1990-2002, the disparity of the city and countryside was more and more big, the country had to standard farmer tax revenue; transform administrative fees into taxes in order to adjust the harmonious of the city and countryside relation. In 2002-2006, the country alleviated gradually the contradictory of the city and countryside through the reform of agricultural tax and administrative fees. Along with entering WTO, the uncoordinated relations of the city and countryside faced a huge challenge.

改革开放以后，国家在统筹城乡关系上经历了四个阶段：1978—1985年，国家对城乡发展政策进行调整，财税政策重点向农民倾斜；1985—1990年，国家以治理"三乱"为重心，力图协调城乡发展矛盾；1990—2002年，城乡差距越来越大，国家采取了规范农民税收、"费改税"等措施，试图调整不和谐的城乡关系；2002—2006年，国家通过农村税费改革、取消农业税等政策措施，逐步缓解了城乡矛盾。

Zhejiang Jinyun image quality of factory was founded in 1983, is a twenty-odd years Branch, Works, Trade and one of the non-destructive testing equipment specialized factory. 85 years linear image quality developed through the provincial technical appraisal of dollars, and won the Zhejiang Science and Technology Progress Award. 87 years by the National Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Labor, Planning Commission, Board of Education awards a national advanced units of work-study program. 88 years pass as the quality of, through technical appraisal in Zhejiang Province, andscientific and technological progress award. 97 years before the image quality, the type, screen, cassette, magnetic, film and other products being sold planes Korea, Taiwan, EU, India, Pakistan, Japan, Iran, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and other countries and regions. 2000, developed country standard sample linear image quality through the State Bureau of Technical Supervision of Identification, the level of Western industrial countries to achieve the same level, to fill a non-destructive testing industry, country kind of scale-free blank. In 2001 through ISO9002 quality management system certification. Beginning in 2001 specifically for the gas pipeline design Detected special screen, camera bag and other equipment in the West-East Gas Detected been widely applied. Materials and Shanghai in 2003 by co-developed country industry standard radiography JB/T5075-2004 Detect metal screen. Materials and Shanghai in 2004 by co-developed a national standard GB/T19803-2005/ISO1027: 1983 image quality of radiographic principles and logo. Materials and Shanghai in 2005 by co-developed country industry standard of image quality JB/T7902-2005 linear.

浙江省缙云像质计厂创立于1983年，是一家集二十余年科，工，贸一体的无损检测器材专业厂家。85年研制的线型像质计通过省级技术鉴定，并荣获浙江省科技进步奖。87年获国家财政部、劳动部、计委、教委颁奖的全国勤工俭学先进单位。88年孔型像质计通过浙江省技术鉴定，并获省科技进步奖。97年始像质计，铅字，增感屏，暗盒，磁钢，洗片架等产品陆续销往韩国，台湾，欧盟、、印度、巴基斯坦、日本、伊朗、泰国、马来西亚、香港、等国家地区。2000年研制的国家标准样品线型像质计通过国家技术监督局鉴定，其水平达到西方工业发达国家同等水平，填补了国家无损检测业无标样的空白。2001年通过ISO9002质量管理体系认证。2001年始专为输气输油管道检测设计的特种增感屏，暗袋等检测器材在西气东输中被广泛应用。2003年与上海材料所共同制定了国家行业标准JB/T5075-2004射线照相检测用金属增感屏。2004年与上海材料所共同制定了国家标准GB/T19803-2005/ISO1027：1983射线照相像质计原则与标识。2005年与上海材料所共同制定了国家行业标准JB/T7902-2005线型像质计。

Put forward China to owe the east big country that develop as, on the choice problem that develops pattern,(1 ) should analyse scientificly " westernize " with " China is changed " connotation, had handled both relation;(2) should hold scientificly " send first " with " late " essence, had handled the interest relation with the developed country;(3) should handle scientificly " unifinication " with " characteristic is changed " contradictory, it is important to country and ethical profit country and ethical profit put in first class position.

提出中国作为一个欠发达的东方大国，在发展模式的选择问题上，（1）要科学分析"西化"与"中国化"的内涵，并处理好两者关系；（2）要科学把握"先发"与"后发"的实质，并处理好与发达国家的利益关系；（3）要科学处理"一体化"与"特色化"的矛盾，把国家与民族利益放在头等重要地位。

In contrast to it, China avers that it is impossible for all countries to take the same road and adopt the same model because the situation varies from country to country and people抯 demands are different too. So, every country should take the road and model that best ensure the promotion of human rights and democracy in their own country.

西方主张，只有&西方式&的民主才是唯一的人权实现模式，要求世界各国都接受其价值观和民主制度；中国则认为多元世界没有统一的民主模式，各国应根据自己的国情来寻找并实践适合自己的民主模式和人权实现途径，而且强调只有如此才能在独立自主基础上真正实现人权。

But this is impossible, as long as it is engaging in a market economy, there are risks in any operation.

但是，这是不可能的，只要是搞市场经济，是有风险的任何行动。

We're on the same wavelength.

我们是同道中人。