查询词典 orography

We studied the constraints and impacts of inhomogeneous climatic mean state of Tropical Pacific Ocean on air-sea disturbances using the relationship between the epilimnion and variation of sea bottom orography in the Eastern and Western Pacific Ocean, and provided dynamical explanation.

利用东西太平洋地区海底地形的变化与温跃层之间的关系，研究了热带太平洋非均匀的气候基态对海气扰动形成和发展的影响和制约，并作出了动力学解释。3。

The frontogenesis process involves in the interactions among the systems of multiple scales. Since the hardness of the nonlinear problem, it is difficult to study frontogenesis analytically. The introduction of the effects of orography, friction and diabatic processes generally makes impossible the analytical resolution of the problem and leads to the use of numerical models. Primitive equations are numerical integrated together with a detailed description of physical processes. The circulation obtained is then used to diagnose and test theoretical mechanisms. It should be noted, however, that a fully description of frontogenesis in explicitly resolving the of large-, meso- and micro-scale flow in the same framework is not yet possible because of the excessive computer capacity and the time required. In order to deal with the problem, the action of large-scale background has been simplified and taken into consideration through the addition of the forcing into the nonhydrostatic cloud model.

大气锋生是一种多尺度相互作用的过程，理论研究遇到非线性的困难，在考虑地形、摩擦、非绝热等物理过程之后，解析研究更加棘手，通过数值模拟搞清其中的物理机制是重要的研究手段，但是把大、中、小尺度甚至微尺度的系统及其相互作用过程在一个模式里同时模拟好仍然受计算机速度和容量的限制，本论文在非静力云模式中通过强迫方式加入大尺度变形场的作用，在考虑到大尺度背景作用的同时，可以充分利用云模式所提供的丰富物理过程、非静力和高分辨率特点，开展一些过去较难进行的研究工作。

This doctoral dissertation is composed of several parts: At beginning, the frontal structure, the effects of diabatic heating and orography, the dynamics of frontal circulation and the mesoscale systems associated with front are reviewed. Several problems based on the review are brought forward. First, at present, the semigeostrophic frontogenesis theory is the most appropriate basic framework for the general explanation of the frontogenetic process. However, the comparison between semigeostrophic theory and the observation have revealed some inconsistencies. The newly observational facts increase the inconsistencies.

本博士论文主要由如下几部分组成，首先对锋面结构、地形和非绝热加热对锋的影响、锋生环流及锋面附近中尺度系统动力学问题的历史与现状进行了综述，在此基础上提出需要进行研究的若干问题：(1)、半地转锋生理论直到今天仍是解释锋生过程的最合适的理论框架，但是通过与观测事实比较，人们发现半地转理论不能对许多锋面观测特征给出令人满意的回答，新的观测事实使问题更加突出，这就向人们提出：是什么原因导致半地转理论与实际观测的不符？

A three-level filtered spectral forecast model including orography has been developed, using the difference method, vertically, the degradation of dimensionality, and a perfect spectral method latitudinally and pseudo-spectra methods longitudinally.

文中，非线性项的处理用了变维方法，纬向的"完全的谱方法"及经向的"准谱方法"，既有利于克服非线性不稳定，且能大大节省计算量及存储量，使之能在小型计算机上实现其程序设计。

In order to get reasonable prediction, 6 km modelgrid resolution and 18 km accuracy of orography are needed.

为了得到合理的模拟，6 km 的模式分辨率和18 km 的地形精确度是必须的。

In order to get reasonable prediction, 6 km modelgridresolution and 18 km accuracy of orography are needed.

为了得到公道的模拟，6km 的模式分辨率和18 km 的地形精确度是必须的。

The results show that the convective precipitation caused by the dynamic lifting of the orography plays an important role in ...

结果表明：地形动力抬升形成的对流降水是台风暴雨增幅的一个重要原因。

Analysis and comparison of the model results show that the introducing of gravity wave drag to the model can improve the model performance to some extent and result in more realistic simulation, and the effect of envelope orography on regional climate simulation is less significant than that of gravity wave drag.

通过试验结果的对比分析发现，在模式中引入地形重力波拖曳作用可在一定程度上改善模式对气候系统和要素的模拟效果，使模拟结果更符合气候实况。包络地形对模拟结果也有一定的改善，但对于细网格的区域气候模式来说，其效果不如重力波拖曳明显。

This is found to result from the existence of negative orography in this low-resolution model. It is shown that, over the grid-points where orography height is negative, there exists false sensible heat source that leads to warmer temperature and higher geopotential height.

利用位涡的特性，研究并模拟了大气流场在短时间尺度上对非绝热加热的响应，并提出了"过流"的概念：在加热层顶，即使非绝热加热消失，仍存在上升运动，反气旋涡度环流和冷中心。

Starting from a barotropic model equations including large-scale orography,friction and heat factor,by means of scale analysis and small parameter method,then a barotropic quasi-geostrophic model with large-scale orography,friction and heating is obtained.

从包含大地形、摩擦及加热作用的正压模式方程组出发，通过尺度分析、小参数展开和线性化等方法，导出一个含大地形、摩擦及加热作用的准地转正压模式。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。