查询词典 orientation of surface

In Late Jurassic period (159-135Ma), when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress was NW direction, the Wuzhangshan granite intruded to upward, accompanied the formation of NW trending Sanrenchang and Huangshuian breccia pipe belts; In the Early Cretaceous period (135-120Ma), when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress was NNW trending, the second stage of Huashan granite intruded to upward, accompanied the formation of NW trending Qiyugou breccia pipe belts; In 120-105 Ma, when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress changed to NE direction, the gold-bearing quartz veins and gold orebodies in breccia pipes were formed along the NE trending fractures; In the Middle Cretaceous period (105-85 Ma), when the orientation of maximum principal compressive stress was NEE, the NEE trending Leimengou granite porphyry intruded to upward, accompanied the formation of NEE trending Leimengou breccia pipe belts.

在晚侏罗世(159～135Ma)，构造应力场最大压应力方向为NW向，形成了NW走向的五丈山岩体以及NW向展布三人场、黄水庵两个角砾岩带；在白垩纪早期(135～120Ma)，最大压应力为NNW向，形成了花山岩体第二期上侵，并伴有NW向的祁雨沟角砾岩带；其后(120～100Ma)，构造应力场最大压应力方向变为NE向，形成了NE向含金石英脉及角砾岩体中金矿体；最后(100～80Ma)，形成了雷门沟花岗斑岩以及NEE向展布的雷门沟-杨河沟角砾岩带(区域构造应力场的最大主压应力方向为NEE向)。

Orientation Distribution Function reflects statistical distribution of crystals orientation in polycrystal in macrostructure. It breaks through limitation that the Pole-figure method, the inverse pole figure method which represent polycrystalline orientation distribution use one or two dimension graph and establish a three dimension space to describe the polycrystalline orientation distribution.

取向分布函数从宏观整体上反映了多晶体各晶粒取向的统计分布，它突破了传统的极图法、反极图法用一维或二维图形来描述晶体的空间取向分布的局限性，可实现晶体取向分布的三维空间描述。

The result shows that: with the expansion of teacher education space, the reform and development of Chinese teacher education is much closer or equal to that of the international teacher education. The transitional stage and education reform in China puts forward a new demand for P. E. talents. The innovation as to education object, specification and curriculum arrangement raised in P. E. Curriculum Arrangement for Chinese Universities with four-year Program published in 2003 meets such a demand, and narrows the gap of education development in high P. E. academy between China and foreign countries. P. E. teachers abroad are usually cultivated by comprehensive universities, the cultivating objectives are verified, and generalists adapted to social development are emphasized. Cultivating mode abroad are various, with "open-type" or "non-directional type" as the main mode, and 4-year program, 5-year program, and 3-year program serve as the main form of education system. Curriculum arrangement abroad stresses general education, with foundationalization, normalization, objectification, optionalization, miniaturization, internationalization and syntheticalization as its characteristics and it employs credit system. The close-typed cultivating mode of P. E. academies in China should be gradually transformed into open-type or multi-type, cultivating generalists instead of specialists, and further constructing a new one with several cultivating types co-existing. Orientation of P.E. teachers in China should follow standard principle, coordination principle, experience principle and resource principle. To improve P.E teacher education in China, the following measures can be taken: relevant laws and regulations should be made for orientation; P.E teachers" training organization should be encouraged to participate in orientation; extension and connotation of P.E. teacher education should be expanded; resources should be optimize; systematic P.E. teachers" orientations should be organized;"Life P.E. Teacher Qualification "should be changed; useful-life should be set for P. E. teacher qualification; P.E. teacher qualification should be regularly authenticated; On-job training of P. E. teachers abroad tends to be systematic, but in China P.E. teachers" on-job training and prevocational training are separated; therefore measures must be taken to change this circumstance and thus speed up the systematic process. Factors concerning constructing a new system of P. E teachers are the following: reconstructing resources, making P.E. teachers" cultivation, orientation and training systematic, establishing a mechanism for encouragement and punishment, making school-based training and college training systematic, and setting up a mechanism combining directional training with non-directional training.

研究结果表明：随着教师教育革新空间的拓展，我国体育教师教育的改革与发展水平逐步与国际体育教师教育发展趋于接轨化。2003年颁布的《全国普通高校体育教育本科专业课程方案》在培养目标和规格、课程设置上的创新性，适应了我国社会转型和教育改革对体育教育专业人才的需求，进一步缩小了与国外高等体育院系教育发展的差距；国外体育教师一般由综合性大学或文理多科性大学培养，培养目标多向化，以培养适应社会发展的通才型人才为主；培养模式灵活多样，多数以"开放型"或"非定向型"培养模式为主，学制多以4年制、5年制、3年为主；课程设置上注重通识教育，突出基础化、师范化、针对化、选修化、小型化、国际化和综合化特点，实行完全学分制的教育管理制度；我国普通高校体育教育本科专业人才培养模式应该由封闭性转向开放式混合型的人才培养模式转变，由专才型转向复合型人才培养模式转变，构建多种类型并存的人才培养模式；我国体育教师入职教育革新应遵循的原则是本位原则、协同原则、经验原则和时间与资源原则，改进措施有：做好入职教育的法规化、制度化建设，激励体育师资培育机构参与体育教师的入职教育，拓展体育教师教育的外延和内涵，优化整合资源，系统组织体育教师的入职教育，改变体育教师资格"终身制"，设定体育教师资格有效期限，推行教师资格定期认证制度等；国际上体育教师在职培训体系显现了体育教师教育一体化的发展取向，但我国体育教师的在职培训与职前培养存在分离性，必须采取改革措施，加速我国体育教师教育的一体化进程；构建体育教师教育新体系的实施要素是：重组资源配置，实现体育教师培养、入职和培训一体化，建立奖惩机制，实现校本与院校培训一体化，建立体育教师定向与非定向培养培训有机结合机制。

On the basis of summarizing and commenting upon the major studies of semantic orientation of resultative construction in modern Chinese, the paper claims it is insufficient to study semantic orientation of resultative construction only from the literal or formal logic point of view, but rather, researchers should take into account some subjective factors on the part of language users; then, the paper introduces Talmy's cognitive semantic approach to resultative construction; based on his theoretical framework, the present paper further investigates the internal causes of the diversity of semantic orientation of satellites in Chinese,supported with the data analysis; and finally, this paper concludes that it is the semantic and syntactic properties of the verb root that make these diversified semantic orientation possible, and their actual representation is finalized by the language user via different satellites.

本文在对以往动补结构语义指向的主要研究成果进行总结评价的基础上，提出对语义指向的研究不能停留在字面和形式逻辑的层面上，而应结合语言使用者的主观因素或主观经验，也即是认知语义学的观点；其次，系统地介绍了Talmy的认知语义学观点中关于汉语动补结构的重新描述和分析，并在此基础上，着重分析了汉语动补结构多样化的语义指向的内在原因，即，汉语动作动词特殊的词汇化模式(仅包括动作和使动成分在内)中不包含确定动作执行结果的成分，因而须要借助于其卫星成分来表明动作的结果，这个结果可能是规约性的结果，也可能是偶然性的结果，由此呈现出卫星成分的多义性的特点，也就是传统上说的动补结构的语义指向。

As the important "cushion" and "lubricating oil" of GATT Dispute Settlement Mechanismand WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanismevolved from power orientation to rule orientation,judicial restraint exists in all stages of GWSM/WDSM of rule orientation,and plays the role gamed with judicial orientation in the way to solve disputes systematically.

1〕从关税与贸易总协定到世界贸易组织，正是由于其争端解决机制的动态发展与不断完善，&才使得GATT机制的运作远比预期的有效，在某种程度上甚至比国际法院运作得更好&；〔2〕124才使得GATT这个&没有牙齿的老虎&逐渐演化成WTO这个&如同装上钢牙的老虎&。

As the important "cushion" and "lubricating oil" of GATT Dispute Settlement Mechanismand WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism evolved from power orientation to rule orientation, judicial restraint exists in all stages of GWSM/ WDSM of rule orientation, and plays the role gamed with judicial orientation in the way to solve disputes systematically.

作为GATT/WTO争端解决机制从&外交取向&向&司法取向&演化不可或缺的&重要缓冲&和&润滑剂&，它不仅贯穿着GATT/WTO争端解决机制&司法取向&的全过程，而且两者的&博弈共存&对国际贸易争端解决方式不断&机制化&从不同侧面发挥着各自的作用。

At the same time, the four different genesis types of the sequence interfaces are divided: orogenic erosive sequence unconformity interface, uplift erosive sequence unconformity interface, transgression onlap sequence unconformity interface, exposural sequence unconformity interface; simultaneously the ten concrete mineral showing forms are summarized, i.e. paleo-weathering crust, drossy layer, river rejuvenation surface, paleo-karst surface, slope gravity current erosion surface, intrabasin turbid flow erosion surface, volcanic events surface, lithologic and lithofacies conversion surface, onlap surface and maximium sea flooding surface.

同时归纳出了4种不同的层序界面成因类型：造山侵蚀层序不整合界面、升隆侵蚀层序不整合界面、海侵上超层序不整合界面和暴露层序不整合界面等；同时总结出10种具体的物质表现形式，即：古风化壳、渣状层、河流回春作用面、古喀斯特作用面、斜坡重力流冲刷侵蚀面、盆地内浊流侵蚀面、火山事件作用面、岩性、岩相转换面、上超面和最大海泛面。

The differences between the edge of canopy gap and interior of forest and the differences between trunk surface temperature at the edge and surface temperature in the center of gap were also analyzed. The findings showed that there were high temperature regions on the east and north of middle vertical active surface of edge. So that the vertical active surface of edge is a new thermal active surface on the vicinage of canopy gap beyond soil surface on the interior of forest, soil surface on the gap, and forest canopy surface.

指出在林窗区域，受太阳直接照射的东侧和北侧林墙中部存在表面温度高值区，是林窗区域除林冠面、林窗地面、林内地面之外的新的第4热力作用面，对探讨林窗区域的热量传输、小气候形成以及林窗边缘植物的侧向生长等均有重要意义。

For the first time, a screw pile and pile driver system for preventing flood and rushing to deal with an emergency was manufactured. The screw piles of the system is different from screw drills used to sap, and it doesn't push soils out. Analyses, including the screw pile's structural strength analysis and the screw blade's welding analysis, were done by ANSYS, which showed that the screw pile's structural strength is enough and that the distort of the screw blade is small. Testing on the screw pile and pile driver system showed that the system performed stably and could meet the need of preventing flood and rushing to deal with an emergency. A mechanics model of interaction of a screw pile and soil was built, and expressions of torque of screw pile's cylindrical part on the condition of screw pile's crew part being driven into soil fully were gained, then the relation of the torque with screw pitch and out diameter of cylinder, which shows the torque decreases with the screw pitch increasing, and that the torque increases with the out diameter of cylinder increasing, which was according with the experiments of the screw pile's being driven into soils, and thus a screw pile with the best structure was chosen. Experiments of bionic surface showed that, on the condition of certain pressure on the surface, the protruding bionic surface can not reduce adhesion and resistance and that the corrugated bionic surface can reduce adhesion and resistance. An orthogonal experiment of the corrugated bionic surface was done with the factors including the width of protrusion, the space between two protrusions, the trolley's velocity and the vertical surface pressure and with the surface frictional coefficient as the experimental target, and some inclusions were drawn that the best combination of the factors was acquired and that the width of protrusion affected the surface frictional coefficient remarkably.

研制了防汛抢险螺旋桩机系统，提高了沉桩作业效率；利用ANSYS对桩体进行整体结构强度分析以及螺旋叶片的焊接分析，表明桩体结构强度足够，焊接过程中，螺旋叶片的变形小；对整个螺旋桩机系统进行试验，表明该系统性能可靠，工作稳定，作业效率高，能够满足防汛抢险沉桩作业基本需要；建立了螺旋桩桩土作用力学模型，得出螺旋桩沉桩过程中螺旋桩螺旋部分完全进入土体时螺旋桩圆柱部分所受扭矩以及扭矩与防汛抢险螺旋桩的螺旋导程和圆柱外径的关系曲线，表明螺旋桩螺旋部分完全进入土体时螺旋桩圆柱部分所受扭矩随着螺旋导程的增大而减小，随着圆柱外径的增大而增大，这与螺旋桩沉桩试验结论相符合，据此优选出最佳结构的螺旋桩；仿生曲面试验表明，尺寸较小的球冠突起型仿生曲面在一定压力作用下未能起到减粘降阻的作用，而尺寸较大的波纹型仿生曲面相对平板具有一定的减粘降阻作用；以波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、波纹型仿生曲面两突起之间间距、台车的牵引速度以及叶片表面垂直载荷为因素，以曲面摩擦系数试验指标进行正交试验，寻求出在一定试验条件下最佳因素水平组合；波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度在本试验条件下对曲面摩擦系数影响显著，而其它几个因素对曲面摩擦系数影响均不显著；通过波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度和台车牵引速度的单因素试验，表明曲面摩擦系数随着仿生曲面突起宽度的增大而减小，而随着台车牵引速度的变化基本保持不变，和正交试验结果保持一致。

The four types of sequence interfaces embody ten types, such as paleocrust of weathering, drossy layer, river rejuvenation, palaeokarstification surface, scouring and erosional surface of slope gravity flow, erosional surface of basin turbidity current, volcanism surface, transfer surface of lithologic characters or lithofacies, onlap surface and maximum flooding surface.

以此为基础，将右江盆地泥盆系—中三叠统划分为6个二级层序和49个二级层序。

Salt is good, but if the salt becomes flat and tasteless, with what do you season it?

14：33 盐本是好的，盐若失了味，可用什么叫它再咸呢？

He reiterated that the PLA is an army of the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.

他重申，人民解放军是在中国共产党领导下的人民军队。