查询词典 orientation of surface

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

We have the honour to make this statement on human rights, sexual orientation and gender identity on behalf of 1 - We reaffirm the principle of universality of human rights, as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights whose 60th anniversary is celebrated this year, Article 1 of which proclaims that "all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights"; 2 - We reaffirm that everyone is entitled to the enjoyment of human rights without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, as set out in Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Article 2 of the International Covenants on Civil and Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as well as in article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; 3 - We reaffirm the principle of non-discrimination which requires that human rights apply equally to every human being regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity; 4 - We are deeply concerned by violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms based on sexual orientation or gender identity; 5 - We are also disturbed that violence, harassment, discrimination, exclusion, stigmatisation and prejudice are directed against persons in all countries in the world because of sexual orientation or gender identity, and that these practices undermine the integrity and dignity of those subjected to these abuses; 6 - We condemn the human rights violations based on sexual orientation or gender identity wherever they occur, in particular the use of the death penalty on this ground, extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, the practice of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment, arbitrary arrest or detention and deprivation of economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to health; 7 - We recall the statement in 2006 before the Human Rights Council by fifty four countries requesting the President of the Council to provide an opportunity, at an appropriate future session of the Council, for discussing these violations; 8 - We commend the attention paid to these issues by special procedures of the Human Rights Council and treaty bodies and encourage them to continue to integrate consideration of human rights violations based on sexual orientation or gender identity within their relevant mandates; 9 - We welcome the adoption of Resolution AG/RES.

附录：关于性倾向和性别认同联合声明中英文联合声明中文我们很荣幸地代表做出这一关于人权、性倾向和性别认同的声明 1 -如同宣布&所有人类生而自由，平等享有尊严和权利&的《世界人权宣言》——今年是该宣言发表60周年——第1条中所昭示的那样，我们重申人权的普遍性原则； 2 -如同《世界人权宣言》第2条和《公民、政治、经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》第2条及《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》第26条中所陈述的那样，我们重申所有人都有权享有人权，不受任何种类——如种族、肤色、性别、语言、宗教、政治观点或其他观点、国家或社会出身、财产、血统或其他身份——的区别对待； 3 -我们重申要求将所有人权平等应用于所有人类，无论其性倾向或性别认同如何的非歧视原则； 4 -我们深切关注基于性倾向和性别认同的侵犯人权和基本自由的现象； 5 -我们还对世界各国由于性倾向或性别认同而针对人们的暴力、骚扰、歧视、排斥、污名化和偏见，以及这些做法破坏了遭受这些虐待者的完整性和尊严感到不安； 6 -我们谴责基于性倾向和性别认同的侵犯人权行为，无论这些行为发生在哪里，尤其是以此为由使用死刑，法外处决、即审即决或任意处决，酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚的做法，任意逮捕或拘留，以及剥夺经济、社会和文化权利，包括健康权； 7 -我们回想起2006年，五十四个国家在人权理事会面前发言，请求理事会主席提供一个未来在适当的理事会会议上讨论这些侵犯人权行为的机会； 8 -我们赞赏人权理事会特别程序和条约机构对这些问题给予的关注，并且鼓励他们继续将对基于性倾向和性别认同的侵犯人权事件的考虑纳入其有关权限中； 9 -我们欢迎美洲国家组织大会在其2008年6月3日的第38次会议上通过了关于&人权、性倾向与性别认同&的AG/RES。

There are series of papers studying the solvability of an incompressible, viscous, instationary fluid contained in a domian bounded entirely by a free surface. In 1977, Solonnikov proved its local solvability in a Holder space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1984, he considered the same problem in a Sobolev space with surface tension being taken into account. In I992, Mogilevskii and Solonnikov treated the same problem in a Holder space, where the coefficient of surface tension is not a constant. There are also short-time existence results for the solvability of an incompressible, vicous, unsteady fluid bounded above by a free surface and below by a fixed bottom which approach horizontal planes at infinity. In 1981, Beale proved its local solvability in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In 1983, Allain were concerned with the same problem in R〓 with surface tension but under the assumption that the initial fluid domain was near a horizontal strip. In 1987, he obtained the same result without the preceding assumption. In 1996, Tani solved the same problem in R with surface tension. For the solvability of an incompressible viscous instationary fluid in Ω R bounded inside by a free surface S and outside by a rotating boundary S, in 1995 Ciuperca proved its local existence in a Sobolev space for any initial date but without surface tension. In this paper, we consider the same problem with surface tension.

对于边界完全是由自由边界组成的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Solonnikcv于1977年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性，于1984年在有表面张力情况下证明了初值问题问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Mogilevskii和Solonnikov于1992年在表面张力系数可以不是常数情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Holder空间的存在性；对于上面是自由边界、下面是固定边界且两边界在无限处趋于水平的无限区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Beale于1981年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，Allain于1983年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，但其中假定初始区域近似是个水平条，他于1987年去掉了这个假定得到同样的结果，Tani于1996年在有表面张力情况下证明了R中初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性；对于R中内面是自由边界、外面是旋转边界S的有界区域中粘性不可压流体的非定常运动问题，Ciuperca于1995年在忽略表面张力情况下证明了初值问题小时间解在Sobolev空间的存在性，本文考虑了在有表面张力情况下初值问题可解性问题。

In the research of techniques in curved surface reconstruction and feature extraction, the modeling of NURBS interplation curved surface based on rectangular is focused, in which centripetal parameter is applied to construct node vector, the application of interplation method guarantees the accuracy of curved surface construction, bicubic NURBS curved surface is taken as an example to demonstrate the process of curved surface modeling, and the effectiveness of NURBS is approved in application; Meanwhile, the application of feature techniques in reverse engineering is also diSCUSSed, the recognition and extraction method of feature curved surface are investigated, the relationship between feature recognition and the curvature of curved surface is discussed, with the application of linear and non-linear least squares procedure, data fitting of conicoid in ball surface, cylinder surface and cone surface is

以上述的研究工作为基础，根据企业的实际需求选定轻客和重卡作为研究对象完成了基于反求工程的车身改型设计和优化的工程实践，通过工程实践对反求工程各关键支撑技术进行了验证，所开发的新车型也获得了良好的市场反应。

Results 1、 Generally, we can see the original blue and white, shiny, no cracks in the articular surface of the cartilage after the stress increases gradually yellow, surface roughness, cracks appear; when the pressure decreases, the yellowing, rough, the color of the fracture restore gradually and become shiny.2、the shiny smooth surface can be seen under a light microscope, formation, cell distribution, tidy, clear the level of cartilage at the articular surface stress increases, the surface roughness changes, defects, disordered cells, uneven dyeing ; when the articular surface of the pressure gradually decreased, the cartilage gradually repair and the surface of cells at the surface appear only disorder.3、immunohistochemical observation can be seen throughout the observation period, cartilage cells are type Ⅱ collagen expression and expression after 3 weeks gradually weakening, when the seventh week begin to strong gradually.4、 electron microscopy shows that when stress increases the articular surface, the cartilage cells became flat, the cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus decreased with collagen disorders; and when stress decreases the articular surface, cartilage cells gradually returned normal, cytoplasm in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body gradually restore quantity; collagen fibers with a gradual rules.

结果：①大体观察可见到原本蓝白色、有光泽、无裂纹的软骨在关节面压力增大后，逐渐呈灰黄色，表面粗糙，出现裂隙；当压力逐渐减小后，变黄、粗糙、有裂隙的软骨颜色逐渐恢复，变得有光泽②光镜下可见表面光滑、平整，细胞分布均匀、整齐，层次清楚的软骨在关节面压力增大后，表面变粗糙、缺损，细胞排列紊乱、染色不均；当关节面压力逐渐减小后，软骨表面逐渐修复，细胞仅在表层排列紊乱③免疫组织化学观察可见整个观察期内软骨细胞胞浆内均有Ⅱ型胶原表达，术后3周内表达逐渐变弱，从第7周时开始逐渐变强。④电镜下可见当关节面压力增大后，软骨细胞逐渐变扁，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体减少，胶原排列紊乱；当关节面压力减小，软骨细胞形态逐渐恢复正常，胞质中内质网膜、高尔基体数量逐渐恢复；胶原纤维排列逐渐有规则。

The major content of this course includes: calculation, measurement and control of solid surface composition, the structure of solid surface, electronic potential, energy band structure and surface energy state of solid, the action between gas and solid surface, chemistry behaviors of molecular on solid surface (chemisorption and catalysis of solid surface), activation and passivation of solid surface, fundamental principle and application of photo and electricity surface reaction, design of solid surface functional materials, and etc.

基本内容包括：固体表面组成计算、测定与调控，固体表面结构表示方法、测定与控制，固体表面电子势和表面态、固体表面能带结构以及固体能带的测定，固体表面的功能、气体-固体表面间的作用以及气体-固体表面作用的研究方法，分子在固体表面上的化学行为(化学吸附和固体表面催化作用)，固体表面的活化与钝化，光电表面化学反应基本原理及应用，固体表面功能材料的设计等领域。

Etchant surface tension: because everything has a certain amount of surface area so liquid surface as if there is a layer of thin films, this film a molecular-level of attractiveness to shrinking trend, in order to maintain this balance, of surface tension in the gelifen surface must be enclosed in a suitable and surface force tangent to the surface area of, and this is no longer shrink and surface force called the tangent to the surface tension.

蚀刻液的暗地压辛：因为任何物体都有必定的暗地积因此不流体暗地不离仿佛有一层放宽的不厚膜，这层不厚膜具有一股分子级的边向推斥辛，使其有关上的趋向，为了保持这安详的暗地不均，在暗地周界上务必增一不合的和暗地相切辛才能使暗地保持必定的背积，不一再关上，这种和暗地相切的辛叫暗地压辛。

Single factor experiments were done with the factors including the width of protrusion and the trolley's velocity, which showed that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the width of protrusion increasing, and doesn't change with the trolley's velocity changing, which was consistent with the results of the orthogonal experiment. A theoretical model of the horizontal projection of a corrugated bionic surface's contact area was built, which showed that the contact area's horizontal projection decreases with width and interval increasing respectively and that the ratio of the contact area's horizontal projection and the vertical load decreases with the vertical load increasing. It indicated that the surface frictional coefficient decreases with the above three factors increasing respectively. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a plate and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that the plate frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with vertical surface pressure and that trolley's pull and vertical displacement of bionic surface's control pilot keep constant almost during the plate being pulled. Finite element modeling and analysis of interactions of a corrugated bionic surface and soils was done using ANSYS, which showed that surface frictional coefficient is little relative to soil elastic modulus and decreases with bionic surface's structural parameters and vertical pressure increasing. However, the three factors all didn't affect the surface frictional coefficient remarkably on the condition of 90% dependability. For the first time, bionic surfaces were applied to screw piles, which formed bionic screw piles, and the contrast experiments showed the bionic screw pile had certain resistance-decreasing effects.

建立了波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的接触面积的水平投影的理论模型，表明接触面积的水平投影A随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距的增大而减小，接触面积的水平投影与波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷之比随着波纹型仿生曲面表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，进而得出仿生曲面摩擦系数随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；利用ANSYS软件对平板与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明平板摩擦系数与土壤弹性模量关系不大，而随着表面垂直载荷的增大而减小；平板牵引过程中台车牵引力和仿生曲面控制节点垂直方向位移基本保持不变；利用ANSYS软件对波纹型仿生曲面与土壤的相互作用进行了有限元建模与分析，表明波纹型仿生曲面系数在一定范围内基本不受土壤弹性模量的影响，随着波纹型仿生曲面突起宽度、两相邻突起间距以及表面垂直载荷的增大而减小，但在可信度为90％的前提下，三个因素影响都不显著；首次将波纹型仿生曲面应用于与土壤作用方式以挤压为主的螺旋桩，形成仿生螺旋桩，并与普通螺旋桩进行了沉桩对比试验，表明波纹型仿生曲面应用于螺旋桩桩体表面具有明显的降阻作用。

The coarsening direction and final morphology vary with stress axis orientation, the γ′precipitates in [001] orientation coarsen as rod-like structure in the direction of [001] , and those in [110] orientation coarsen in the directions of [100] and [010] to form 〓-like structure, while those in [111] orientation do not exhibit any tendency of directional coarsening, growing isotropically only by capillary-driven style.

颗粒粗化方向及形态依赖于应力轴取向，[001]取向中的γ′颗粒沿[001]方向粗化成rod结构；[110]取向中的γ′颗粒沿[100]和[010]方向长大，形成'〓'结构；而[111]取向中的γ′颗粒没有表现出沿任何方向上的定向粗化趋势，只是以毛细驱动方式各相同性长大。

The findings revealed that the dominant Taiwanese students\' value orientations were: Collaterality for the relational orientation, Present for the time orientation, Mastery-over for the people/nature orientation, and Being for the activity orientation.

结果显示这些学生的主要价值倾向是：团队式的人际观，现在式的时间观，主宰式的自然观，以及静态式的活动观。

In contrast to the ubiquitous rising-sun-with-rays military flag of the Japanese, Chinese banners and ensigns feature a range of designs.

与遍地都是的太阳军旗不同，中国人的旗帜和徽章设计得各式各样。

From their small corner of Feng's Guangzhou headquarters -- a jumble of pink leashes, squeezable rubber steaks, and plastic doggy Santas for Fido's stocking -- Soleil's designers come up with at least five new products a month.

从Feng 设在广州总部的产品展示柜台上可以看到，Soleil的设计师每月至少设计出5件新产品。