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Pragmatic presupposition determines the choice of information focus and its position in a sentence,organizes the discourse into a coherent whole,concise,clear and smooth,and achieves the expected stylistic effects.in college english teaching,if teachers teach the knowledge about pragmatic presupposition in listening teaching,introduce the frequently-seen patterns of presupposition, increase the presuppositional sensitivity of students to certain words and structures,guide students to use the theory on presuppositional information to make forecasts on base of written listening material,listen purposefully,and get rid of the distraction of the minor and redundant information,the ability of students to obtain major information and linguistic inference will be strengthened and their listening competence will improve remarkably.george yule divided presuppositional triggers into factive presupposition,non-factive presupposition,counter-factive presupposition,existential presupposition,lexical presupposition and structural presupposition.presuppositional triggers are helpful for us to understand the true intention of the speaker or writer.in college english reading teaching,if teachers introduce the discourse organizing function of pragmatic presupposition and the relevant presupposition triggers,and teach students to use these triggers to communicate with the writer,the comprehension competence of students will be greatly enhanced.the essential function of presupposition is to build a framework for the further development of discourse.in college english writing teaching,teachers can use the theory on pragmatic presupposition to construct a handy training program for textual organization,increase the textual coherence, economy and structural perfection of the english writings by students.in college english translation teaching,teachers should focus on developing the pragmatic presuppositional thinking of students,enable them to grasp the presupposed information in source text / speech exactly,understand the original thoroughly,correctly reorganize and reproduce the pragmatic presuppositions in the target language,carry out the functional equivalence in translation and successfully realize the smooth and accurate communication.with the instruction of pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,the complete understanding and integral acquisition of english and chinese of students will come true.in conclusion,to implement the curriculum requirements for college english teaching promulgated by the ministry of education of china,we should emphasize the instruction of the theory on pragmatic presupposition in college english teaching,carry it through from beginning to end.it's one of the important means to realize the college english teaching reform, improve the effects of college english teaching,strengthenr the practical and integrative language abilities of students,in order to cultivate the compound talents to adapt to the global integration and meet the requirements of the reform and opening in china.

在大学英语教学中，教师将语用预设知识贯穿于听力教学过程中，讲授一些常出现的预设类型，提高学生对一些特定的词语和结构的预设敏感度，引导学生运用预设信息理论对听力文字材料进行预测，有的放矢，排除次要、冗余信息的干扰，增强获取主要信息的能力和语言推理能力，从而提。。。更多高学生的听力理解水平。george yule将预设触发语分为事实预设、非事实预设、反事实预设、存在预设、词汇预设和结构预设，触发语有助于我们在阅读当中理解作者的真正用意。在大学英语阅读教学中，介绍语用预设的语篇组织功能和有关的预设触发语，并利用触发语来与作者进行交流，会极大地提高阅读理解能力。预设的基本功能就是为语篇的进一步发展建立一个框架。利用语用预设理论可以为大学英语写作教学构建一个易于操作的篇章组织训练方法，提高学生英语写作的语篇连贯性，经济性和结构优化。在大学英语翻译教学中，注重培养学生的语用预设思维，准确把握源语的前提信息，透彻理解原文，使语用预设在目的语中正确重组和再现，实现翻译的功能对等，交际的流畅性和准确性，并增强学生对英汉双语的全面性认识和整体性习得。综上所述，为更好地贯彻和实施教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》，在大学英语教学中重视语用预设理论的传授，使语用预设贯穿于大学英语教学的始终，是实现大学英语教学改革的重要手段，改善大学英语教学效果，增强学生的实用综合语言能力，培养符合全球一体化趋势，适应改革开放要求的复合型人才。

Objective:Through the investigation of gerontal chronic kidney diseasewithout kidney damage to the people above 60 year old in Yangjiang area,we want to know the detection rate in order to enhance the recognition about CKD and delay it changing into uremia by the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine clinic.

目的：通过对阳江地区60岁以上的无肾损害老年慢性肾疾病调查，了解其检出率。以提高对 CKD 的认识，并以中医药临床干预，延缓其向尿毒症发展。方法：选用 Cockcroft～Gault 公式做为计算 GFR 的方法，按 K/DOQI 诊断标准分级；将 3、4级 CKD 226例患者随机分为中医药治疗组126例进行中医药治疗，对照组100例不治疗。

The purpose of this article is to review and discuss and current preventive and healable measures of heat illness and abstract scientific programs to prevent and cure heat illness.In order to suit with the PLA"s current fight direction and to improve the army"s capacity and levels of the rear service, to keep soldiers healthy and strong in the heat stress environment, by the way of systemic evaluation, we collect a series of successful work and research experience about the heat illness prevent and treatment. After analyzing and comparing these results, then based on the theories of the preventive medicine, we have try out further adaptable programs to prevent heat illness. It consists of 5 chapters, such as "heat acclimatization, water and electrolyte supplement, regulated work/rest cycle limits, lower temperature equipment, drug preventing heat stress".

为有效降低热环境因素对部队的威胁，提高部队的战斗力和应急保障水平，有针对性地形成热区部队中暑防治保障预案，与目前特定的作战方向相适应，我们根据部队当前状况，立足部队应用，大量收集了有关文献，通过应用系统的评价方法，对耐热锻炼、水盐补充、调整作息制度、防暑降温装置和药物防暑这几项主要防暑措施的实施方法进行了全面分析比较和评价，提出了更进一步的修正意见，提炼出了适合当前部队应用的方法，使其更加适于部队的应用；同时，还对中暑急救与治疗方面的有关文献也进行了概括和总结，并根据中暑的发病特点和救治重点，为部队中暑的救治设计了现场急救装置。

"Think about a chromosome as being a highway," says Aramayo. In order to function properly, some sections of the highway must have illumination, which means DNA must be expressed, whereas other sections must not have illumination, which means DNA must not be expressed, or that the region must be heterochromatic.

Aramayo说，我们可以将染色体想象成一条高速路，为了正常运行，高速路的一些区段需要照明，也就是说DNA必须被表达；而其它区段则不需要照明，即DNA不需要表达，或这些区段必须被异染色质化。。。。。。。

At a moment like this, in which, with the excuse of the actual economic crisis, the exploitation and the assault to the rights of the workers, in order to pursue with the accumulation of scandalous profits by economic groups, the Portuguese Communist Party challenged Humorgrafe to collaborate in some journeys of reflection with the participation of cartoonists from all around the world and from different political and ideological choices to, from their own philosophical and humoristic thoughts, contribute to this initiative - Exploitation and workers' rights through a humoristic line, with their artistic works about the important questions that at this moment, affect millions of Portuguese and worldwide workers: the unemployment, the low wages and the precarious job.

在片刻喜欢此，与实际经济危机、开发和攻击借口在工作者右边，为了追求以诽谤性的赢利储积由经济集团，葡萄牙共产党向Humorgrafe挑战在反射有些旅途合作与漫画家参与从所有世界和从不同的政治和思想选择，从他们自己的哲学和滑稽想法，对这主动性贡献-开发和工作者'权利通过一条滑稽线，与他们艺术性的工作关于重要问题在这片刻，影响成千上万葡萄牙和全世界工作者：失业、低薪水和飘摇的工作。

Meantime, in order to value the ignition ability, an experiment to ignite the liquid and gas fuel with plasma ignitor was applied. From the results, this dissertation concluded the ignition boundary about the plasma ignitor.

同时，为了进一步考察等离子点火器的点火性能，作者在等离子点火器试验台上进行了液体燃料和气体燃料的等离子点火试验，考察了该型等离子点火器的点火边界和工作性能。

Secondly,it discusses and enumerates the facts about pros and cons,alienation of the MRP.lt affirms that most advantage of MRP,as the rules of a unified company"s will reflects the equal status of shareholders and "Limited democracy".Meamwhile,it points out that the principle also provides the possibility for shareholders to change their own will into company"s will by voting "legally,fairly and sensibly",and to oppress,squeeze,swindle or to treat medium and small shareholders inequitably,or to abuse control power,in order to satisfy their own private interests.Thus,"the protection of the rights and interests of medium and small shareholders"realizes the high-level equality between big shareholders and medium and small shareholders,between majority stockholders and minoritystockholders ,with a view to redressing unbalanced interests relationship among shareholders.

其次对资本多数决的利弊及异化表现进行了论述和列举，在肯定资本多数决作为一项统一公司意思的议事规则，体现了股东地位的形式平等和&有限民主&思想的同时，指出该原则也为大股东&合法、合情、合理&地行使表决权将自己的意愿转换成公司的意志，压迫、排挤、欺诈或不公正地歧视中小股东，滥用控制权，满足一己私利提供了制度上的可能和空间，由此而产生中小股东权益保护问题，以矫正失衡的股东利益关系，实现大股东与中小股东、多数股东与少数股东之间更高层次的平等。

The number of rabies infections increase these years,because there is no universal investigation in China, so it is unsure about the epidemicsituation of rabies in China. It is essential to study the molecular epidemiology ofstreet rabies virus isolated from the nature in order to prevent rabies infection andunderstand different inquilinous bodies of virus in different areas.

中国自2000年以来狂犬病的流行呈逐年上升的趋势，由于中国尚未开展大面积普遍的狂犬病流行病学调查，所以对中国境内狂犬病的流行情况还不明确，为了有效防制狂犬病，非常有必要对自然界分离的狂犬病街毒进行分子流行病学研究，以了解不同地域不同宿主病毒的流行特点。

On the base of analysis of the items about ocean in Word Heritage list, the paper points out the direction that World Heritage should take in order to get better development and more success in future. Taking the Kula system of South Pacific Ocean and Dongsha-Muddy shore in Jiangsu China as examples, the paper also thinks items in World Heritage list should cover with more areas and include more heritage types.

通过对目前已存在的世界遗产海洋项目进行总结、分析，寻找世界遗产发展中的不足，指出世界遗产海洋项目未来在地域和类型方面发展的潜力方向，并在此基础上提出两个潜在项目。

First,daubing a board with lacquer and dope as bottom layer and making the surface of this bottom layer smooth by grinding ,hen,drawing all sorts of ve-ins you liked by using colorful lacquer on the surface,by lacquering different thickness,bring changeful light andsh-ade surface with strong stereo,in the process of painting,in order to represe-nt the obgect more reality.we usually use some material such as precious st-one,eggshell,gold,silver,stannum,by enchasing process to make the printi-ng more rich and colorful,at last,grind-ing the surface and hooding it with tre-nsparent lacquer,just about thegrinding is embodiment of FUZHOU's painting skill,so we call it lacquer painting.

先以漆和瓦灰按脱胎工艺技法在木板上上漆打底、磨制光滑，然后用调好的色漆在底板上层层描绘出各种纹样，利用上漆的厚薄不均使画面产生富于变化的明暗调子，从而具有立体感。在作画的过程中，为了更好的表现物体，还根据画面内容的需要，采用宝石、螺钿、蛋壳、金、银、锡等材料进行镶嵌，使画面层次更加丰富。最后经打磨并罩上透明漆用细瓦灰与生油推光，正因为&磨&体现了福州漆画的独特工艺故称为&磨漆画&。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。