查询词典 optimum programming

Firstly, an empirical approximation model of stochastic programming is obtained by replacing the probability measure of original program with empirical probability measure. Sequentially, the constrained stochastic programming is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained stochastic programming. Finally, using the epi-convergence theory, the almost everywhere upper semiconvergence of optimal solution set of empirical approximations for stochastic programming is obtained.

首先通过经验概率测度替代初始规划的概率测度得到随机规划的经验逼近模型，然后将带有约束的随机规划问题转化成与其等价的无约束的随机规划问题，最后利用上图收敛性理论，给出了随机规划经验逼近最优解集的几乎处处上半收敛性。

L Based on the analysis on the current NC programming systems, an interactive NC programming system is studied: First, due to the over sophisticated calculation of cross and tangent points in NC programming, a knowledge based math processor is proposed, then, to provide more convenint graph entry method, a dynamic figure based graph entry system is devised, at last, based on the above mentioned studies, an integrated (including preprocessor, post processor and program testor), interactive, bi-dimensional NC programming system is developed.

围绕语音数控自动编程系统研究：(1)首先，在分析现有编程系统基础上，研究了交互式数控自动编程系统：针对自动编程系统交切计算复杂的特点，提出并实现了基于知识的数学处理子系统；为了方便图形输入，构造了动态表格图形输入子系统。

Elements of C language programming course involve principal concept of programming, basic techniques to design algorithms, data types, operators, expressions, input/output, control structures, structural programming method, arrays, strings, pointers, functions, module programming method, structure, union, bit-wise operation, preprocessor and files.

本课程的教学基本要求包括熟悉并掌握程序设计基本概念、基本数据类型、运算符和表达式；熟练使用基本的数据输入输出方法；掌握 C语言的控制结构、结构化程序开发方法；掌握数组、字符串、指针的概念并能熟练进行应用编程；了解函数概念及程序模块化开发方法；了解结构与共用体，位运算，预处理以及数据文件的基本处理技术。

As a result, it shows thatthe static or dynamic subsystem optimum alone is not equal to the system optimum. Three initial value problems met in the optimal design of flying vehicle are studied andconclusions are derived that: orthogonal test method can be adopted to decide the initial valueof static optimization problem, some mathematical techniques can be used to deal with thecostate variables of Maximum Principle and decide the initial value of the costate variable,the indirect method can be used to get the analytical solution under ideal case to guide thechoice of the initial control curve in the direct method. With some numerical examples oftrajectory optimization, it shows that all these methods are useful not only in accelerating theconvergence but also in converging to the global optimum.

针对飞行器优化设计中的三种初始值问题进行了研究，以远程弹道导弹弹道的工程优化为例说明，对于静态优化问题，采用正交试验法选取初始值，不仅可以大大加快收敛的速度，而且更有可能收敛到全局最优解；以气动力辅助变轨问题为例说明，用共态变量的一阶泰勒级数展开可以解决极大值原理中共态变量初值难于确定的问题；以二级弹道导弹的主动段弹道优化为例说明，利用间接法在理想情况下得到的解析解来指导直接法初始控制曲线的选择，将大大有利于提高直接法的收敛速度。

In this paper, based on an optimum difference operator for spatial differential given by Holberg, an optimum difference method of modeling crosswell elastic wavefield is put forward, which adopts the staggered-grid technique and calculates the wavefield at different grid points. When the half length of optimum difference operator is taken as four to six points, the required number of grid points per wavelength equals to three, crosshole elastic wavefield numerical modeling can attain satisfied accuracy.

本文以Holberg提出的一种空间微分的最佳差分算子为基础，采用交错网格技术，提出了一种模拟井间弹性波场的最佳差分法，该方法能在大空间网格点上得到精确的波场值，当最佳差分算子的半长度取4～6个点，每个波长只采3个样点时，井间弹性波场的模拟就可以得到满意的精度，其计算速度比常规有限差分法至少快一个数量级。

This paper also gave a method to solve the optimum red time of two-phase signalized intersection.According to the relationship between the optimum red time and the bus arrival time,bus stopping time loss and the green time loss by bus stopping,the optimum distance between the bus stop and the stop line of the signalized intersection was determined.

给出了两相位十字交叉口最佳红灯时间的解法，并根据最佳红灯时间与公交到达时间、停靠服务损失时间及其引起的绿灯损失时间之间的关系，得出公交停靠站与信号交叉口停车线之间的最佳距离。

The optimum temperature for paramecium culture was 25 ℃ and optimum propagation temperature was 10-30 ℃. The growth condition of paramecium was better when the pH value was in the range of 5.0-10.0, but the optimum growth environment was neutral or near to alkalescence.

草履虫生长的最适温度是25℃，最适繁殖温度在1030℃。pH值在5.0~10.0的范围内，草履虫的生长状况都较好，但最适合于在中性略偏酸的环境中生长。

Then through optimum thrust force acceleration governing equation obtained by Pontryagin maximum principle and the reasonable simplification, the optimum low thrust under the orbit elements is obtained. Finally, the optimum transfer orbit analytic solution is obtained by integrating the equations.

应用Pontryagin极大值原理建立航天器最优推力加速度的控制方程，对方程进行合理的简化，只考虑它们的一次项，忽略其它的高次项，从状态方程中得出小推力对轨道根数产生的摄动影响，然后分别对它们进行积分，从而得到最优转移轨道的解析解。

C. There are great differences among trades: the optimum trade in COEs is alcohol-making, grain processing and meat processing etc.; the optimum horizontal in POEs is leather processing, clothes-making, grain processing, alcohol-making etc.; the optimum horizontal in SOEs is food processing, meat processing and refrigerative warehouse etc..

由于不同产权不同行业的企业之间的经济效益存在着差别，所以区域经济存在着巨大的经济效益潜力，以经济效益较好的民营企业为参照，通过计算，在转换机制的情况下可使得该区的经济效益提高几十倍，预言随着经济的进一步发展，国有企业民营化将会成为必然。

In the traditional reservoir operation system, in general, we use the rule curve as a method of operation, and the reservoir rule curve is the result of system simulation method. Due to the regular and simple rule curve operation unable to satisfy the actual demand effectively. In order to improve the defect, there are many system planning theories and optimum seeking methods to find the optimum operation strategies. The reservoir operators are uncomfortable with the complicated optimum operation strategies. In this article the fuzzy inference model is used to establish a simple and effective operation rule for the reservoir operator.

在传统的水库操作系统中，一般都使用操作规线为操作方式，水库操作规线是系统模拟法所获得的结果，由於规律、简单的规线操作方式往往无法有效满足实际需求，为了改善传统操作上的缺点，近多有利用系统规划之理论，应用各种优选方法求取最佳操作策略，系统最佳操作策略其模式复杂，水库操作人员不易接受，故本文即以模糊推论系统建立一简单有效之操作规则予水库操作人员，作为水库操作放水之依据。

You can snipe the second and third union leaders from this position.

您可以鹬第二和第三工会领袖从这一立场出发。

Aiming at the currently shortage of XML streams quality detecting, this paper proposes a new forecasting method of XML streams quality by least squares support vector machines, which is used the method of XML keys' vector matrix as windows, and vector product wavelet transform to multilevel decompose and refactor the XML streams series, that can fulfill real-time checking demand of XML quality, and ensure constraint, consist- ency and integrality. For even more adapting net load, it proposes a control strategy by weight and adaptive adjustment to ensure XML streams quality.

针对当前XML数据流质量检测存在的不足，提出构建XML键的矢量矩阵作为窗口，利用矢量积小波变换多级分解与重构XML数据流，再结合最小二乘支持向量机对XML数据流质量进行预测的一种方法，满足XML数据流质量重构时实时检测的要求，保证XML数据的约束性、一致性与完整性；为了更好的适应网络负载，采取加权与自适应窗口调整等调度策略充分保证XML数据流的质量检测。