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The method has been used to determine Phthalic esters in drinking water and seawater sample. 3. Single drop microextraction, followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection has been applied to determine Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Acraldehyde in water based on 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. Extraction solvent, extraction time and stirrer speed were optimized. Optimal experimental conditions were as follows: 1.6μL toluene microdrop exposed for 30 min in a 3ml aqueous sample placed in 4ml vial and stirred at 600 rpm/min.

以2，4-二硝基苯肼衍生，单滴液相微萃取与气相色谱火焰光度检测器联用测定水样中的甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛，考察了萃取溶剂、液滴大小、萃取时间、搅拌速度、盐效应等对该方法的影响，并对影响液相微萃取的各种因素进行了系统的阐述，确定了该体系的最佳实验条件，实现了甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛的提取和富集。

Aituator load system ; optimal sliding mode variable structure control ; reaching law ; integral action ; feedforward control ; attenuation rate

舵机加载系统；最优滑模变结构控制；趋近律；积分策略；前馈控制；衰减度

Pole-placement and Inner model tuning methods are discussed finally;(2) For the linear derivative action, several different tracker-differentiators are presented to improve the quality of the derivative signals;(3) A neural network tuning method is given for the nonlinear PID controller which includes the above tracker-differentiator;(4) For the linear integral action, a nonlinear pre-phase integrator is studied in order to decrease the phase delay problem; Simulation results show that the nonlinear PID controller including the pre-phase integrator posseses better performance in both fast and stable property, and strong ability of anti-disturbance;(5) A simple optimal criteria is introduced to optimize the parameters of the nonlinear PID controller based on the pre-phase integrator.

仿真研究表明，由此形成的非线性复合积分PID控制系统，具有快速而平稳的过渡过程和超强的干扰抑制能力；(5)采用物理意义简单明确的目标函数的优化设计方法，对上述非线性PID控制器进行参数整定，达到了满意控制典型工业过程的目的。通过对直线电机伺服系统的仿真研究，表明该种非线性控制器具有同时跟踪多个目标的优越性能。

Five minutes is the optimal irradiation time for ALA-PDT by Xe lamp under the same irradiation conditions. Irradiation injury caused by the light alone was slight, but the destruction rate of ALA-PDT was very high. Conclusion: Xe lamp's action spectrum is wider and it's power is higher, so it's better than 532 nm laser for ALA-PDT.

结果：532 nm连续激光和脉冲激光对K562细胞的ALA-PDT抑制率均较低，增加光剂量也不能有效提高ALA-PDT的抑制率；氙灯在功率密度为350 mW/平方公分、光照5 min时就能达到最佳的光剂量，此时单纯光照对K562细胞的光损伤作用很小且ALA-PDT效率很高。

Based on ship's mathematic model of collision avoidance,we produce the optimal opportunity and action taken of collision avoidance,and obtain a graph of action-taking and a curve of the change of the course .

从数学模型出发，得出避碰行动曲线图和航向改变率随相对距离的变化曲线，给出确定船舶最佳避让行动与时机。

First of all, based on the aid of AIS (Automatic Identification System), which can give us the target ship's accurate data and will implement in 2002, we study own ship's relative motion to target vessels, define DCPA and its sign, give mathematic model of collision avoidance, produce the optimal opportunity and action taking of collision avoidance, and obtain a graph of action-taking.

论文首先在2002年将要开始实施的船舶自动识别系统所能提供的准确目标船信息的基础上，研究本船相对于目标船的运动，定义DCPA的大小和符号，推导出船舶避碰数学模型，给出船舶最佳避让行动与时机，得出避让行动曲线图，并且明确最佳避让行动时机不是某个点，而是一个时间段。

This paper presents a new concrete process combined static optimal addition chain table method and Window method.

目前，编译器对乘幂的支持与优化理论研究已经比较成熟，该文主要是根据

This paper offers a numerical method for the optimal design of active noise cancellationinthree dimensional space based on the theory of radiation of noise sources and the additivity of linear soundfield.

本文根据声源辐射理论和线性声场迭加原理，提出了一种三维空间有源消声的数值优化方法。

The preparation process was applicable with optimal adhesive force,adhesive time,and satisfying dissolution in vitro.

本制备工艺可行，黏附力和黏附时间适宜，同时不影响药用成分的释放。

The optimal conditions were found as follows: reaction temperature 90℃, reaction time 50 min, the molar ratio of catalyst to diethyl adipate 1.1:1, providing 99.5% yield.

结果表明，各试验因素的影响效能为反应温度（反应时间（催化剂用量；最佳合成条件为反应温度90℃，反应时间50 min，催化剂与原料的摩尔比为1.1：1，在此条件下，常压合成目标物的产率可以达到99.5%。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。