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It is offered for creating self-employment for income-generating activities and housing for the poor, as opposed to consumption.

它采用创造自我就业创收活动，为穷人和住房，而不是消费。

By empowering the community through local participation, ecotourism also creates an opportunity for self-generating tourism as opposed to capitalistic control of mass tourism.

赋予社区，通过当地的参与生态旅游也创造了机会自我生成旅游业作为反对资本主义的控制大众旅游。

The findings suggest that the associations between AAD and MD were best explained by a causal model in which problems with alcohol led to increased risk of MD as opposed to a self-medication model in which MD led to increased risk of AAD.

调查结果显示，AAD和MD之间的相关性通过因果模型得到了最好解释，在这一模型中酒精的问题导致MD风险增加，与之相对，在自我药疗医学模式中MD导致AAD风险增加。

Thus, flowering plant species dependent on insect pollination, as opposed to self-pollination or wind pollination, could be endangered when the population of insect-pollinators is depleted by the use of pesticides.

因此，依赖于昆虫授粉的开花类的植物，因为不同于自身授粉或风媒授粉，在花粉媒虫数量因杀虫剂的使用而减少时，会濒临灭绝的危险。

Though it retained much of the philosophical basis of its parent, as opposed to divine revelation, Semi-Pelagianism compromised with truth sufficiently to gain favorable audience with some Christians.

虽然大部分的哲学基础留用母公司，而非神的启示，半pelagianism妥协真理与一些足以赢得观众良好基督教徒。

Reason and knowledge as opposed to sense perception.

第一阶段是表面的感性的认识阶段，表现在太平天国运动和义和团运动等笼统的排外主义的斗争上。

The seeds of discontent were planted by Adolph Berle and Gardiner Means (1932) in relation to the separation of ownership from control, by Ronald Coase (1937) with reference to the puzzle of vertical integration and the theory of the firm, by Chester Barnard (1938), who featured adaptation of a cooperative kind accomplished through hierarchy (as opposed to adaptation through the market in response to changes in relative prices), by the 'marginalist controversy' of the 1940s, and by Armen Alchian's (1950) appeal to evolutionary arguments to explain observed economic regularities.

不满的种子由此而种下，例如， Adolph Berle 和 Gardiner Means （1932）有关所有权和控制权分离的研究， Ronald Coase （1937）对纵向一体化难题和企业理论的关注， Chester Barnard （1938）对一种通过层级实现的合作式调节方式（相对于通过市场响应相关价格改变而实现的调节方式）的强调，20世纪40年代的"边际主义论战"，以及 Armen Alchian （1950）对用演进观点来解释观察到的经济规律的呼吁。

In his literary and dramatic works, Lessing expressed the thoughts to Enlighten and foster the national sprit and even to set up an integral national civilization; what"s more, he opposed the feudal separationist rule with his ideal of Kosmopolitismus. At that time, after succeeding and developing European humanist tradition, Lessing formed his religious philosophy and religious tolerance, with his rational opinion, he deepened the profundity of German Enlightenment. Furthermore, he created townspeople"s drama and advocated the realistic aesthetics. On the one hand, he praised their disposition and expressed their political desire and class interest, which made the townspeople as a new motive force to the German Enlightenment. In addition, Lessing"s Enlighten. thoughts greatly influenced the following movement—Sturm Und Drang. The essence of Lessing"s thoughts is our common valuable prosperity.In a word. Germany then greatly needed a person like Lessing, and Lessing was the child of German Enlightenment.

面对法国文化长期统治德国文化界的现状，莱辛勇敢地站出来反对"法国化"倾向，对德意志全社会进行民族启蒙，通过戏剧理论及作品，表达了建立统一的民族文化、培植德意志民族精神的思想，同时他提倡世界主义，并用它来为民族主义服务，以反对当时德国的分裂割据；他的宗教哲学思想及宗教宽容精神继承和发扬了西欧的人文主义传统，反映了莱辛的理性观，也针砭了当时德国的时弊，是他对德国启蒙运动进行的有益的探索，拓宽了德国启蒙运动的深度；莱辛在实践中创作了市民剧，他的市民主义和现实主义美学思想弘扬了市民阶级的性格，表达了他们的政治愿望和阶级利益，为德国启蒙运动增加了新的动力，是莱辛所作的杰出贡献之一；莱辛的启蒙思想对后世特别是狂飙突进运动有着重大的影响，他的思想中的精华部分是人类的共同财富。

If you love peace, then resolutely opposed to all separatist activities.

如果你爱好和平，那就坚决地反对一切分裂破坏活动。

I am opposed to the existence of serfdom.

我反对的存在农奴制。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。