查询词典 operational

Based on the concepts presented above, four types of new models are proposed:(1) a production system adopting single operational strategy and setting common buffer,(2) a production system adopting single operational strategy and not setting common buffer,(3) a tandem production system adopting hybrid operational strategies,(4) a supply chain adopting hybrid operational strategies.

所谓对称，是指在生产系统分解后，同一个搬运车既作为某个子系统的输出端，同时又作为另一些子系统的输入端。对称分解方法的难点在于，在子系统中，搬运车的服务过程不同于原来的服务过程。在子系统中，把原系统中的阻塞和空闲等待过程，模拟成虚拟的服务过程，所以需要计算阻塞和空闲等待时间。

Operational Parameters/Critical Parameters cont'd Operational Parameters: Operational parameter values are identified for those process parameters where substantial excursion from the specified range could reasonably be expected to reach or exceed a critical value that would detrimentally affect the quality of the resulting product.

操作参数/关键参数操作参数：在偏离规定范围，达到或超过临界数值从而对结果产品造成质量损害的情况下，要找出那些工艺参数的操作参数数值。

They do not represent many other important system quality attributes such as modifiability, buildability, security, reliability, and performance, nor do they represent non-operational or business-oriented qualities such as the ability to reduce development and maintenance costs.

他们不代表许多其它重要系统质量属性譬如modifiability 、buildability 、安全、可靠性，和表现，亦不他们代表non-operational 或朝向商业的质量譬如能力减少发展和维修费用。

In the first part of this paper, we concentrate on the categories and character of operational risk, discuss the important affect on financial institution. The present situation of operational risk management in Chinese financial institution is also briefly introduced. In the second part of this paper, the strategy, organization structure and management process of operational risk management is discussed, and some main methodology and system of the internal control of operational risk management in international financial institution are listed here.

本文第一部分简要地介绍了操作风险的分类和基本特征，并分析了操作风险对金融机构的重要影响和我国金融机构操作风险管理现状；第二部分着重讨论操作风险管理的战略，操作风险管理的组织结构、管理流程，以及操作风险管理的内部控制过程，并列举了一些国际上通常的内部控制手段和制度。

It analyze the risks completely, describe the definition of operational risk, the system of operational risk, the character of operational risk, the measure methods of operational risk and the capital management frame etc. Whereas the important meaning of New Basel record at risk controlling, the paper analyze the management request on operational risk in depth and draw the conclusion that our bank has obstacle in two aspect.

本文以我国商业银行操作风险管理为题，在理论回顾部分运用理论分析、定性分析、定量研究、归纳演绎等方法，对商业银行操作风险管理相关理论进行了综述，从风险的界定、商业银行风险的分类出发，具体阐述了操作风险的定义、分类、特征、度量方法及管理框架的建立。

In this report we shall apply this methodology to the operational transconductance amplifier based high frequency design.

在本计画中，除了将他的方法应用在运算转导放大器(Operational transconductance amplifier)为主的高频滤波器，我们也提出一个在Z领域上处理侦错、诊断及容错的方法。

Results There were 27 operational taxa units in each treatment after MspI and AfaI digestion and only nine OTUs existed in both treatments.

两种处理各自分别得到了27个可操作分类单元（Operational Taxa Units， OTUs），其中有9个OTUs在两个处理中相同。

The main contributions of this research lie in that, Firstly, with reference to major research in this field, the study does not confine itself to the common methods used. With the study of the foundermental financial institutions as a starting analysis point, it helps to broaden the view of international academic research on operational risks, and deepen the understanding of the intensions, characteristics and attributes of commercial banking operational risks. Secondly, studying operational risks on the basis of the unique economic and institutional conditions of China and utilizing the concept of operational risks to redissect the risk structure of SOBs contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the root risk structure of China's financial risks and the practical difficulties encountered in the governance of SOBs. It also helps to implore how to combine the international standard rules with the economic development and the financial system reform.

本研究的主要意义在于：第一，博采众长，不拘泥于现有银行风险研究方法，从对基本金融制度的探讨展开分析，有助于拓宽学术界研究操作风险的视角，同时也深化了对商业银行操作风险的内涵、特征和属性的认识；第二，立足中国国情研究操作风险，利用操作风险概念重新解析国有商业银行风险结构，有助于更全面地理解中国金融风险的深层结构和中国国有银行治理的真正困难，为探索如何将国际通行规则与中国经济发展和金融体制改革有机结合开辟了新思路；第三，在理论研究和实证研究的基础上，为商业银行操作风险管理和监管部门监管提供对策，对于操作风险管理和监管的现实操作具有借鉴意义。

Secondly, it summarizes development and gradual progress about operational risk measurement. Analyzes and compares two main categories at present: bottom-up and top-down, and Loss Distribution Approach of top-down and Income Model of bottom-up is studied deeply, then finds out the main challenges of operational risk measure methods. Thirdly, taking examples for Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and Shenzhen Development Bank, it demonstrates operational risk measurement of our banking using Basic Indicator Approach and Income Model of bottom-up. And by comparing its effects with analysis result of concrete loss incidents of operational risk, it is approved that to apply operational risk measurement to our banking is feasibility. Finally, the paper analyzes difficulties to measure operational risk, such as weak consciousness of measuring operational risk, short of effective modern measuring model, behindhand of loss data collection and lack of perfect inside management mechanism of measurement, and then gives some advices.

接着总结了操作风险度量方法的发展演进过程，对目前度量操作风险的两类主流方法&自下而上&法和&自上而下&法进行了详细的分析和比较，分别选取&自下而上&的损失分布法和&自上而下&的收入模型法展开深入研究，并剖析了操作风险度量方法面临的主要挑战；接着以&浦东发展银行&和&深圳发展银行&为例，选用&自上而下&的基本指标法和收入模型法进行了操作风险度量的实证分析，并将分析结果与使用具体损失事件的实际操作风险分析结果进行了比较，证实了操作风险度量方法应用于我国的可行性；最后文章对我国银行业度量操作风险中存在的现实困难进行了深入探讨，指出了我国存在操作风险度量认识障碍、缺乏适用的现代操作风险度量模型、损失数据收集工作滞后以及操作风险度量缺乏完善的内部管理机制保证四大方面的现实问题，并提出了对策建议。

Operational Tran conductance lifers and Grounded actorhas become one of the most important methods to implement integrated continuous-time filters. Operational Tran conductance Amplifierscan transfer input voltage into current to output,and control or change output current within large range by an external controlling current of amplifier. Most articles consider OTA as a voltage-mode circuit component and give voltage-to-voltage transfer function of all having been implemented filter circuits,i.e. The input signal and output signal of filter circuits are voltages .

运算跨导集成运算放大器OTA ( Operational Tran conductance Amplifier 以下简称跨导运放)的功能是将输入电压转换为电流输出，并通过外加偏置电流控制运放的工作电流，从而使它的输出电流在较大范围内变化，而在大多数文献中，器件都被作为电压模式元器件使用实现的各种滤波电路都是按传送电压比给出的，即滤波电路输入信号和输出信号均为电压信号。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。