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Ecosystem damage in a large opencast coal mine: A case study on pingshuo surface coal mine, China.

大型露天煤矿生态系统受损研究：以平朔露天煤矿为例。

Habitat reconstruction and revegetation are the cores of ecology reconstruction in Opencast Coal Mine within Loess Areas and revegetation is guarantee.

生境再造与植被恢复是黄土区露天矿生态重建的核心，其中植被恢复是生态重建的保证。

Should say, the reason is many sided, have what go up objectively, the production level that is like equipment of large opencast working is not advanced ; Also have subjective go up, if the early days of ignored strip mine works, the analysis that lacks development to developing the condition of ministry of inside and outside of strip mine considers to wait a moment.

应该说，原因是多方面的，有客观上的，如大型露天开采设备的制造水平不高等；也有主观上的，如不重视露天矿的前期工作，对开发露天矿的内外部条件缺乏深入的分析研究等等。

Take Huolinhe Opencast for example elaborates the application of RTK relay station in strip mine survey to solve the actual problem of measune.

以内蒙古霍林河露天矿为例阐述RTK中继站，在露天矿测量中的应用及所解决测量中的实际问题。

The results showed that the spatial characteristic of spectra on the opencast coal mine varied with land type area distribution, and landscape pattern. The first and second principal components of the TM images had obvious spatial characteristic, i.e., the first principal component highlighted the characters of excavation and transportation area, slope area, and cumuli and stripping area, while the second principal component highlighted the information of higher and lower vegetation-cover area.

结果表明：由于露天矿区土地扰动下土地类型、面积分布及其景观格局的不同，其遥感影像的光谱空间特征也不相同，但前2个主成分构成的空间特征结构十分明显，第1主成分主要表示采煤运煤区、边坡区以及剥离堆垫区的特征信息，第2主成分主要表示植被高覆盖区及植被低覆盖区的特征信息。

Using Landsat TM data, based on the spectral character analysis of main land-use types, different feature models under strong land disturbance in Antaibao opencast coal mine were set up. Vegetation higher cover area, vegetation lower cover area, denudation and cumuli area, excavation and transport area and slope area in Antaibao were extracted. The information of areas with higher vegetation cover and lower vegetation cover were detected by NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index).

该研究利用Landsat TM数据，以安太堡大型露天煤矿为例，在对地物光谱特征深入分析的基础上，设计了大型露天矿区土地剧烈扰动下不同地物特征提取模型，提取了安太堡露天矿区植被高覆盖区、植被低覆盖区、剥离堆垫区、采煤运煤区及边坡区等不同地物信息。

The samples were taken from the slope of Haizhou Opencast Mine in Fuxin city.The results show that some components,such as the total hardness and sulfate,above-norm seriously in the beginning of the leaching experiment,and then became stable rapidly with the increasing of eluviate volume,and the pH values of eluviation solution more than seven.Haizhou surface mining will effect the groundwater for 20-25 years.

对从阜新海州露天煤矿岩质边坡取得样品的淋溶实验表明：淋溶初期总硬度、硫酸盐等组分严重超标，各组分随淋溶总体积的增加迅速趋于稳定；淋溶过程中pH＞7，淋溶液偏碱性；海州露天矿开采会对地下水影响20～25 a。

It shows that the particle vibration velocity is related to the maximum single sound charge,distance from the blasting point uo the measured point,types of explosive and blocking condition.While transforming opencast mining into underground mining,if a goave is filled up with gangues,the surface rock mass of slope ca...

在露天转地下开采时，如果对采空区充填废石，不仅可以使边坡表面岩体处于有利的三向受力状态，回填废石体还起到了爆破减震作用，同时还有明显的高频滤波作用，有利于保持地下巷道的稳定性。

As a result of the speedy development of the cities, the demands of stone material become more and more. Many hypaethral quarries have been built because of this, but people neglect the ecological and environmental impact brought by opencast working. And the prevention and cure steps that do isn't arrive at the goal of zoology renew.

摘要由于城市发展迅速，对石料的需求也越来越多，许多的露天采石场因此建立起来，但是他们却忽略了露天开采所带来的一系列生态环境影响，而且所做的防治措施远没有达到生态恢复的目标。

Then use a hypaethral quarry to do the ecological and environmental impact assessment and forecast. And tick off some material prevention and cure steps in opencast working, include engineering and ecological steps.

再结合某露天采石场进行生态环境影响评价与预测，并列出露天开采所应采取的具体的防治措施，包括工程措施和生物措施。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。